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Psych 460 Study Guide -Questions with Complete Solutions
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Psych 460 Study Guide -Questions with Complete Solutions
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Psych 460 Study Guide -Questions withComplete Solutions
1. Cross-sectional
2. Longitudinal
3. Microgenetic - ✔✔3 methods to studying development:
Cross-sectional = involves participants of different ages studied over short period of time
Longitudinal = involves participants of one age group studied over long period of time -
✔✔What is the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies?
Microgenetic studies - ✔✔Children are observed intensively over a short period of time
while a change is occurring
Advantages = useful data about differences among groups, quick and easy to administer
Limitations = uninformative about stability of individual differences over time, uninformative
about similarities and differences of children's patterns of change - ✔✔What are the
advantages of cross-sectional designs? Limitations? (2 for each)
Advantages = indicates degree of stability of differences over time, reveals children's patterns
of change over time
Limitations = difficult to keep all participants in study, can threaten external validity -
✔✔What are the advantages of longitudinal designs? Limitations? (2 for each)
Advantage = can clarify process of change
,Limitation = uninformative about patterns of change over time - ✔✔What are the
advantages of microgenetic designs? Limitations? (1 for each)
1. No harm done
2. Informed consent
3. Confidentiality
4. Discuss potential risks with parents
5. Counteract any negative consequences that may occur during study
6. Correct inaccurate impressions the child or parent may have during study
7. Debrief - ✔✔7 ethical principles researches must follow with child research:
General intelligence - ✔✔What is NOT an example of gender differences?
1. Distinguishing between familiar and novel sounds
2. Taste development - ✔✔How do fetuses shape their own experience inside the womb? (2
examples)
Gametes - ✔✔Reproductive cells that contain only half of the genetic material of all the
other cells in the body
Meiosis = cell division to produce gametes (sex cells)
Mitosis = cell division to produce 2 identical cells - ✔✔What is the difference between
meiosis and mitosis?
Conception - ✔✔The union of an egg from the mother and a sperm from the father
, Embryo - ✔✔The developing organism for the third to eighth week of prenatal development
After 9 weeks until birth - ✔✔When does an embryo become a fetus?
Cell death - ✔✔What is apoptosis?
Monozygotic = identical; 1 zygote splits resulting in 2 sets of the same genes
Dizygotic = fraternal; 2 eggs fertilized by 2 sperm resulting in half of the same genes -
✔✔What is the difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twins?
Habituation - ✔✔A simple form of learning that involves a decrease in response to repeated
or continued stimulation
Teratogens - ✔✔An external agent that can cause damage or death during prenatal
development
Sensitive period - ✔✔A ______ ______ occurs during when a developing organism is most
sensitive to the effects of external factors
There is no identifiable cause - ✔✔What is the cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
1. Facial deformities
2. Intellectual disabilities
3. Attention problems
4. Hyperactivity - ✔✔What are some of the effects of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
(FASD)? (4 listed)
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