Pleural layers of the lungs - Answer parietal -adheres to thorax wall (outer)
visceral- adheres to lungs (inner)
principle muscle of respiration - Answer Diaphram
How many lobes of the lung - Answer 3 on right: LUL, LML, LLL
2 on left: LLL, LUL
Pulseox - Answer measures oxyge...
thoracentesis - Answer aspirated fluid from pleural space
broncoscopy - Answer visualization via the mouth to see the larynx, trachea, bronchi
Lung biopsy - Answer tissue sample to diagnose cancer cells
Pneumovax vaccine - Answer Primary health prevention for pneumonia - recommend for peopler older
than 65 and also for those with high-risk medical conditions
dyspnea - Answer shortness of breath
orthopnea - Answer difficulty breathing while laying supine
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - Answer when sleeping, waking with shortness of breath
,symptoms of respiratory concern relalted to breathing - Answer elevating head with pillows to ease
breathing
reducing activity due to breathing
increased SOB with talking or eating
What to ask about a cough - Answer frequency, onset, productive? if yes, describe color/ consistency/
consistency of phlem
tripod position - Answer may help patients better expand lungs when in resp distress
AP Diameter (normal) - Answer Normal AP diameter is one half of transverse diameter. (1:2 ratio)
Barrel Chest - Answer AP diameter to transverse diameter is 1:1. Common in those with chronic lung
disease
Normal resp findings - Answer RR 12 - 20
skin color appropriate for race, without discoloration in mucous membranes (varies by race)
no accessory muscle use
no nasal flaring
easy, even pattern breaths
pursed lip breathing - Answer exhaling through pursed lips of used in patients with chronic lung disease
to reduce the work of breathing
bradypnea - Answer <12 BPM
tachypnea - Answer >20 BMP
apnea - Answer Absence of breathing
, How does color change with low oxygen levels in dark skinned patients - Answer mucous membranes
may take on gray or whitish color
clubbing of nails - Answer long term effect of chronic respiratory disease. Nail angle is greater than 180
degrees
Normal palpation findings for thorax on rep assmt - Answer smooth, warm, dry, no tenderness
crepitus on palpation of thorax - Answer popping in skin tissue due to leakage of air from lung to tissue
palpation for symmetrical expansion - Answer Thumbs move apart symmetrically with inspiration and
back together with expiration
Palpating tactile fremitus - Answer use ulnar side of your hand and have patient say ninety-nine,
Vibrations should be felt equally on both sides of lungs
Abnormal findings for tactile fremitus - Answer increased or decreased fremitus on one side - could be
from increased fluid or phlem in lobe
Where should you percuss the lungs - Answer in the intercostal spaces of the thorax - and NOT over
bone
Normal lung percussion findings - Answer resonance
abnormal percussion findings in lungs - Answer dullenss (increased density), hyperresonance (air
trapping like in COPD)
Normal findings in lung auscultation - Answer bronchial sounds over trachea and bronchi
Bronchovesicular sounds over right and left bronshi (next to sternum)
Vesicular sounds throughout periphery
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