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DAT Bootcamp: Organic Chemistry Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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DAT Bootcamp: Organic Chemistry Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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DAT Bootcamp: Organic ChemistryCondensed Formula
can be written on a single line of print; meant to show the order which they appear in the
structural formula
Structural Formula
a formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule of a compound.
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Line - Bond Formula
Abbreviates the carbon atoms and shows only the ZigZag pattern of bonds from carbon atom to
carbon atom; assume that they are bonded to hydrogens
A single covalent bond is made up of:
1 sigma bond
a double covalent bond is made up of:
1 sigma bond
1 pi bond
a triple covalent bond is made up of:
,1 sigma bond
2 pi bonds
Resonance
the bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis
structure; they have pi electrons that can move around from one atom to another
When drawing resonance structures remember:
1. Only electrons move. Specifically, only pi electrons, lone-pair electrons, or negative charges
can move. Do NOT move atoms.
2. You CAN move electrons toward or into an atom that does NOT have a full octet, such as
carbocations.
3. If an atom already HAS a full octet, then you can move electrons into it ONLY IF you push
electrons out the opposite side (electrons in, electrons out).
4. Do not move or break sigma bonds, only pi bonds.
How can you determine what is the greatest resonance contributor?
1. The most stable resonance structure will have a full octet on every atom.
2. The most stable resonance structure will have the smallest possible number of charges.
3. The most stable resonance structure will have negative charges on the most electronegative
atoms and positive charges on the least electronegative atoms.
Allyl Carbocation
a carbocation that is one position away from a double bond
Carbocation
An organic ion in which a carbon atom has a positive charge
Carbanion
An organic ion in which a carbon atom has a negative charge.
, Allyl Carbanion
the negative charge is shared between the leftmost and the rightmost carbons
Radicals
molecules or atoms that have unpaired electrons drawn as single dots
Alkanes
a hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds
Alkenes
Hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds
Alkynes
a carbon compound with a carbon-carbon triple bond.
Cycloalkanes
are alkanes that are cyclic –in other words, ringed alkanes or alkanes with rings in them.
Cyclohexane is the most stable cycloalkane.
____________________ positions are mores stable (lower energy) for larger groups because of
1,3-diaxial interactions.
equatorial
Placing the largest substituents in the ___________ positions will help to achieve the greatest
stability in cyclohexane rings.
equatorial
Cis
two substituents going in the same direction
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