Exam (elaborations)
CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING EXAM 2024/2025
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CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING EXAM 2024/2025
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CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING EXAM2024/2025
Women's hearts are: - Precise Answer ✔✔Smaller and have smaller
cardiac arteries
Cardiac arteries occlude more easily
↑ resting rate
↑ stroke volume
↑ ejection fraction
Women tend to have atypical signs/symptoms of MI: - Precise Answer
✔✔-Shoulder/upper back pain
-SOB
-Fatigue.
Diagnostic profile for acute MI - Precise Answer ✔✔Plasma analysis of
key cardiac iso-enzymes and other bio-markers:
-CK and CK-MB
-Myoglobin
-Troponin T and I
Cholesterol - Precise Answer ✔✔-LDL: Normal less than 160mg/dl
-HDL: women: 35-85, men: 35-70
,-Triglycerides: Normal100-200 mg/dl.
Brain (B-Type) Natriuretic Profile (BNP) - Precise Answer ✔✔-
Secreted by the ventricular walls in response to an increase in preload or
fluid in the ventricles
-Used for diagnosis, monitoring and as a prognostic tool for Heart
Failure
-Results are quickly done.
Blood Chemistry Tests related to Cardiovascular System - Precise
Answer ✔✔-Na+
control of fluid volume
-K+
major role in cardiac electrophysiologic function
*Hypokalemia
*Hyperkalemia
-Ca++
*neuromuscular activity and automaticity
*Hypocalemia
*Hypercalemia
-FBS or Hemoglobin A1C
Electrocardiogram (ECG) - Precise Answer ✔✔-A graphic study of the
electrical activity of the myocardium to determine transmission of
cardiac impulses through the muscles/conduction tissue.
, Exercise Cardiac Stress Test - Precise Answer ✔✔-Walking on a
treadmill - usually 9 to 12 minutes with increases in speed and incline of
treadmill every 2 to 3 minutes based upon protocol used
-Exercise bicycle - with increase in resistance at set intervals.
Exercise Cardiac Stress Test Interventions - Precise Answer ✔✔-Pt.
needs to fast for 4 hours before test and avoid stimulants (tobacco,
caffeine)
-Some cardiac medications (beta adrenergic blockers) may be held
-Equipment to be used and need to have an IV
-Symptoms to report during testing.
Pharmacologic Cardiac Stress Imaging - Precise Answer ✔✔-Patients
who cannot walk on treadmill or use exercise bike may undergo
pharmacologic stress test with imaging
-Vasodilation of coronary arteries with medications mimics the effect of
exercise
Cardiac Catheterization - Precise Answer ✔✔-Insertion of catheter into
heart under fluoroscopy, to obtain information about oxygen saturations,
structures, performance of valves, assess coronary artery perfusion, and
pressure readings within heart chambers
-Inserted into vein for right side of heart and artery for left side
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