Exam (elaborations)
CCBC Microbiology Unit 2 Exam Latest Update
- Course
- Institution
CCBC Microbiology Unit 2 Exam Latest Update ...
[Show more]
Content preview
CCBC Microbiology Unit 2 ExamLatest Update
horizontal gene transfer - Answer A process in which an organism transfers genetic
material to another organism without being the offspring of that organism
horizontal gene transfer (HGT) occurs rapidly because - Answer it acquires large DNA
sequences from another bacterium in a single transfer
Mutation - Answer modification of gene function within a bacterium
mutation occurs - Answer slowly
most common HGT method - Answer conjugation
methods of HGT (3) - Answer conjugation;transformation;transduction
Transformation - Answer form of HGT where a DNA fragment from a dead/degraded
bacterium enters a competent recipient bacterium & is exchanged for a piece of DNA
recipient
transformation step 1: - Answer 1. DNA fragments are released from a dead degraded
bacterium and bind to DNA binding proteins on the surface of a competent living
recipient bacterium.
transformation step 2: - Answer Depending on the bacterium, either both strands of DNA
penetrate the recipient, or a nuclease degrades one strand of the fragment and the
remaining DNA strand enters the recipient.
transformation step 3: - Answer This DNA fragment from the donor is then exchanged
for a piece of the recipient's DNA by means of RecA proteins
Transduction - Answer transfer of a DNA fragment from one bacterium to another by a
bacteriophage
2 forms of transduction - Answer generalized and specialized
general transduction - Answer genetic recombination in which a DNA fragment is
transferred from 1 bacterium to another by a lytic or temperate bacteriophage that is
now carrying donor bacterial DNA due to an error in maturation during the lytic or
lysogenic life cycle
specialized transduction - Answer genetic recombination in which DNA fragment is
transferred from 1 bacterium to another by a temperate bacteriophage that is now
carrying donor bacterial DNA due to an error in spontaneous induction
, the error in spontaneous induction - Answer the prophage DNA is excised wrong & a
segment of bacterial DNA replicates as part of the bacteriophage's genome
the error in maturation during the lytic or lysogenic life cycle - Answer a bacteriophage
capsid assembles around a fragment of the donor bacterium's DNA or plasmid instead
of around a bacteriophage genome & carries that DNA to a recipient bacterium
conjugation - Answer genetic recombination in which there is a transfer of DNA from a
living donor bacterium to a living recipient bacterium by cell-to-cell contact
conjugation vs transformation (4 things) - Answer 1.) conjugation requires direct
cell-to-cell contact
2.) transformation uses DNA from dead/degraded bacterium & conjugation uses living
bacterium DNA
3.) the conjugating cells must generally be of opposite mating type; transformation deals
with homologous cells
4.) conjugating donor cells must carry the plasmid, and recipient cells usually do not.
transduction vs transformation - Answer transformation has error in maturation and
transduction has error in spontaneous induction
conjugation often involves a - Answer sex pilus
Conjugative transposons function (2) - Answer 1. carry the genes that enable mating
pairs to form for conjugation
2.enable mobilizable plasmids and nonconjugative transposons to be transferred to a
recipient bacterium during conjugation
these have promiscuous transfer systems that enable them to transfer DNA not only to
like species, but also to unrelated species - Answer conjugative plasmids and
conjugative transposons
conjugative plasmid has what genes - Answer tra genes & oriT genes
Mobilizable plasmids require a self-transmissible "helper" plasmid because they lack
which of the following? - Answer tra genes
conjugative plasmid - Answer A self-transmissible plasmid transmitted from one
bacterium to another by cell to cell
contact. It contains all the genetic information needed for transfer by conjugation.
mobilizable plasmids have what gene - Answer oriT genes
tra genes - Answer enable bacteria to form a mating pair with another organism
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Zayla. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now