Associated with Renal and non-renal disease
Usually suggests some form of kidney disease
, In elderly can be glomerulonephritis, hypertension and diabetes. More prevalent in
elderly
Increased mortality due to cardiovascular and renal causes
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Proteinuria
is the most common significant valvular disease in older people. Impaired left
ventricular function in the setting of aortic stenosis is a poor prognosis.
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Aortic stenosis
Is the Inadequate heart rate response to exercise
The inability to decrease the heart rate more than 12 beats in the first minute of
recovery
Predicts a risk of death that is twice that of a normal group
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Chronotropic Incompetence
The most commonly used mental status exam. The MMSE assesses memory and other
areas of cognition. They test a broad range of cognitive function.
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