100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Correct $17.99
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. NURS8024
  4.  
  5. NURS8024

Exam (elaborations)

NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Correct
 0 purchase
  • Course
  • NURS8024
  • Institution
  • NURS8024

NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% CorrectNURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% CorrectNURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% CorrectNURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Correct Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa are stimul...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 87  pages

Document information

  • September 16, 2024
  • 87
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • nurs8024 pharm exam 1 questions and answers 100 c
  • nurs8024 pharm exam 1 questions and answers stuvia
  • gastric acid secretion by parietal cells of the ga

Written for

  • NURS8024
  • NURS8024

Seller

avatar-seller
NursingTutor1

Reviews received

Content preview

NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1
Questions and Answers 100%
Correct
Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa are stimulated by -
ANSWER - *acetycholine, histamine, gastrin


Receptor-mediated binding of acetylcholine, histamine, or gastrin results in -
ANSWER - *the activation of protein kinases, which in
turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) proton pump


Gastrin and acetylcholine stimulate release of - ANSWER - histamine


receptor binding of prostaglandin E2 and
somatostatin diminish - ANSWER - gastric acid production


Antacids - ANSWER - weak bases that react with gastric acid to
form water and a salt → diminishing gastric acidity


Reduce pepsin activity - pepsin inactive at a pH >4


Wide variety* in chemical composition, acid-neutralizing capacity, sodium content,
palatability, and price


Acid neutralizing ability* of an antacid depends on its capacity to neutralize gastric
HCl and on whether the stomach is full or empty
• food delays stomach emptying, allowing more time for the antacid to react


Therapeutic uses of antacids - ANSWER - • Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer
disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)

,• May promote healing of duodenal ulcers, but not
robust evidence for efficacy in Tx of acute gastric
ulcers
• Calcium carbonate preparations
• also used as calcium supplements for the treatment of osteoporosis


Commonly used antacid drugs - ANSWER - Classes
• Calcium salts: calcium carbonate: Tums/Rolaids
• Sodium bicarbonate: Alka-Seltzer
• Aluminum salts - Aluminum hydroxide: Amphojel; Aluminum carbonate: Basaljel
• Magnesium salts/ magnesium oxide: Milk of Magnesia
• Combination products
• Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)
• Alginic acid, magnesium trisilicate, calcium stearate
(Gaviscon)


Adverse effects of antacids - ANSWER - • Aluminum hydroxide tends to be
constipating
• Magnesium hydroxide tends to cause diarrhea
• Binding of phosphate by aluminum-containing antacids → hypophosphatemia
• Sodium bicarbonate → belching and flatulence, potential for systemic alkalosis
• Sodium content of antacids → can be important in pts w/ HTN or CHF
• Excessive intake of calcium carbonate along w/ calcium foods → hypercalcemia


Mucosal Protective Agents - ANSWER - Cytoprotective compounds
Sucralfate
Bismuth Compounds


Cytoprotective Compounds - ANSWER - enhance mucosal protection

,mechanisms → preventing mucosal injury, ↓ inflammation, promotes healing of
existing ulcers


Sucralfate - ANSWER - complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated sucrose
• Small, poorly soluble molecule
• Polymerizes in stomach acid → binds to injured tissue, forms physical barrier
coating over ulcer bed- impairs diffusion of HCl and prevents degradation of mucus
by pepsin and acid
• Accelerates healing of peptic ulcers and ↓ recurrence rate
• Stimulates prostaglandin release, mucus and bicarbonate output
• *BIG drawback.... Must be taken qid• used in long-term maintenance therapy to
prevent recurrence
• Requires an acidic pH for activation -should not be administered with H2
antagonists or antacids
• Little of the drug is absorbed systemically, very well tolerated
• Can interfere w/ absorption of other drugs by binding to them
• Does not prevent NSAID-induced ulcers


Antisecretory agents - ANSWER - Histamine-2 receptor antagonists
Proton pump inhibitors


Examples of Histamine-2 receptor antagonists - ANSWER - ranitidine, *cimetidine,
famotidine, nizatidine


Examples of Proton pump inhibitors - ANSWER - • omeprazole, esomeprazole
• Lansoprazole, pantoprazole
• rabeprazole


Bismuth Compounds - ANSWER - • Coats ulcers → protective layer against acid and
pepsin
• May stimulate prostaglandin, mucus, and bicarbonate secretion
• Antimicrobial effect- binds enterotoxins

, • reduces stool frequency & liquidity in acute infectious diarrhea
• Causes black stools- harmless
• Avoid in renal insufficiency


In geriatric patients avoid use of - ANSWER - - antacids that contain magnesium in
patients with renal failure
- sodium-containing antacids because of fluid
retention


Antacids in Pediatrics - ANSWER - Safety not established in children


Antacids during pregnancy and lactation - ANSWER - No FDA category established,
although antacids
generally are considered safe for use in pregnancy




H2 Receptor antagonists - ANSWER - • MOA
• Acts selectively on H2 receptors in the stomach, blood vessels, and other sites (no
effect on H1 receptors)
• Competitively blocks binding of histamine to H2 receptors
• less effective than PPIs against stimulated secretion
• Four drugs: cimetidine*. ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine
• Can inhibit > 90% basal, food-stimulated and nocturnal secretion of gastric acid
after a single dose
• Main clinical use is to inhibit gastric acid secretion
• particularly effective against nocturnal acid secretion


H2 Receptor antagonist ADEs - ANSWER - • H2 antagonists very safe
• ADE < 3% of patients - diarrhea, h/a, fatigue, myalgias, constipation
• Drugs such as ketoconazole, which depend on an acidic medium for gastric
absorption, may not be efficiently absorbed if taken w/ H2 blocker

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller NursingTutor1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

64670 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling

Recently viewed by you

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

Hartman-s CNA Chapter 1-5 exam with complete solutions.

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

MTTC PE 044 Practice Test Exam Questions with Correct Answers

Summary ·

(1)

Samenvatting Heuristiek Vroegmoderne Tijd (Videocolleges)

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

TN Business and Law Exam Quizzes with Certified Answers

Package deal ·

(0)

Voordeelbundel - Schakeljaar pedagogische wetenschappen

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

CCHT PRACTICE TEST WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% 2023/2024

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

Genitourinary Disorders Exam Questions and Answers 2024

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

Final Exam CHEM 219 Questions and Answers | Latest Update

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

Contemporary Film Industry || with 100% Error-free Answers.
$17.99
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added