100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Study Guide Questions 100% Well Answered Solutions. $10.49   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Study Guide Questions 100% Well Answered Solutions.

 4 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • NURS 8024
  • Institution
  • NURS 8024

Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa are stimulated by - Answer *acetycholine, histamine, gastrin Receptor-mediated binding of acetylcholine, histamine, or gastrin results in - Answer *the activation of protein kinases, which in turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosin...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 85  pages

  • September 17, 2024
  • 85
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NURS 8024
  • NURS 8024
avatar-seller
TestSolver9
NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Study Guide
Questions 100% Well Answered
Solutions.
Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa are stimulated by - Answer *acetycholine,
histamine, gastrin



Receptor-mediated binding of acetylcholine, histamine, or gastrin results in - Answer *the activation of
protein kinases, which in

turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) proton pump



Gastrin and acetylcholine stimulate release of - Answer histamine



receptor binding of prostaglandin E2 and

somatostatin diminish - Answer gastric acid production



Antacids - Answer weak bases that react with gastric acid to

form water and a salt → diminishing gastric acidity



Reduce pepsin activity - pepsin inactive at a pH >4



Wide variety* in chemical composition, acid-neutralizing capacity, sodium content, palatability, and price



Acid neutralizing ability* of an antacid depends on its capacity to neutralize gastric HCl and on whether
the stomach is full or empty

• food delays stomach emptying, allowing more time for the antacid to react

,Therapeutic uses of antacids - Answer • Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and
gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)

• May promote healing of duodenal ulcers, but not

robust evidence for efficacy in Tx of acute gastric

ulcers

• Calcium carbonate preparations

• also used as calcium supplements for the treatment of osteoporosis



Commonly used antacid drugs - Answer Classes

• Calcium salts: calcium carbonate: Tums/Rolaids

• Sodium bicarbonate: Alka-Seltzer

• Aluminum salts - Aluminum hydroxide: Amphojel; Aluminum carbonate: Basaljel

• Magnesium salts/ magnesium oxide: Milk of Magnesia

• Combination products

• Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)

• Alginic acid, magnesium trisilicate, calcium stearate

(Gaviscon)



Adverse effects of antacids - Answer • Aluminum hydroxide tends to be constipating

• Magnesium hydroxide tends to cause diarrhea

• Binding of phosphate by aluminum-containing antacids → hypophosphatemia

• Sodium bicarbonate → belching and flatulence, potential for systemic alkalosis

• Sodium content of antacids → can be important in pts w/ HTN or CHF

• Excessive intake of calcium carbonate along w/ calcium foods → hypercalcemia



Mucosal Protective Agents - Answer Cytoprotective compounds

Sucralfate

Bismuth Compounds

,Cytoprotective Compounds - Answer enhance mucosal protection

mechanisms → preventing mucosal injury, ↓ inflammation, promotes healing of existing ulcers



Sucralfate - Answer complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated sucrose

• Small, poorly soluble molecule

• Polymerizes in stomach acid → binds to injured tissue, forms physical barrier coating over ulcer bed-
impairs diffusion of HCl and prevents degradation of mucus by pepsin and acid

• Accelerates healing of peptic ulcers and ↓ recurrence rate

• Stimulates prostaglandin release, mucus and bicarbonate output

• *BIG drawback.... Must be taken qid• used in long-term maintenance therapy to prevent recurrence

• Requires an acidic pH for activation -should not be administered with H2 antagonists or antacids

• Little of the drug is absorbed systemically, very well tolerated

• Can interfere w/ absorption of other drugs by binding to them

• Does not prevent NSAID-induced ulcers



Bismuth Compounds - Answer • Coats ulcers → protective layer against acid and pepsin

• May stimulate prostaglandin, mucus, and bicarbonate secretion

• Antimicrobial effect- binds enterotoxins

• reduces stool frequency & liquidity in acute infectious diarrhea

• Causes black stools- harmless

• Avoid in renal insufficiency



In geriatric patients avoid use of - Answer - antacids that contain magnesium in patients with renal
failure

- sodium-containing antacids because of fluid

retention



Antacids in Pediatrics - Answer Safety not established in children

, Antacids during pregnancy and lactation - Answer No FDA category established, although antacids

generally are considered safe for use in pregnancy



Antisecretory agents - Answer Histamine-2 receptor antagonists

Proton pump inhibitors



Examples of Histamine-2 receptor antagonists - Answer ranitidine, *cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine



Examples of Proton pump inhibitors - Answer • omeprazole, esomeprazole

• Lansoprazole, pantoprazole

• rabeprazole



H2 Receptor antagonists - Answer • MOA

• Acts selectively on H2 receptors in the stomach, blood vessels, and other sites (no effect on H1
receptors)

• Competitively blocks binding of histamine to H2 receptors

• less effective than PPIs against stimulated secretion

• Four drugs: cimetidine*. ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine

• Can inhibit > 90% basal, food-stimulated and nocturnal secretion of gastric acid after a single dose

• Main clinical use is to inhibit gastric acid secretion

• particularly effective against nocturnal acid secretion



H2 Receptor antagonist ADEs - Answer • H2 antagonists very safe

• ADE < 3% of patients - diarrhea, h/a, fatigue, myalgias, constipation

• Drugs such as ketoconazole, which depend on an acidic medium for gastric absorption, may not be
efficiently absorbed if taken w/ H2 blocker

• Not used for NSAID-induced ulcers

• Better healing and prevention with PPIs

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller TestSolver9. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

78998 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$10.49
  • (0)
  Add to cart