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NURS8024: Module 4 Questions and Answers (Graded A)
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NURS8024: Module 4 Questions and Answers (Graded A)NURS8024: Module 4 Questions and Answers (Graded A)NURS8024: Module 4 Questions and Answers (Graded A)NURS8024: Module 4 Questions and Answers (Graded A)Diltiazem - ANSWER - CCB, nondihydropyridine MOA: decreased HR, slows AV conduction decre...

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  • September 17, 2024
  • 17
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • nurs8024 module 4 questions and answers graded a
  • nurs8024 module 4 questions and answers stuvia
  • diltiazem answer ccb nondihydropyridine

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NURS8024: Module 4 Questions
and Answers (Graded A)
Diltiazem - ANSWER - CCB, nondihydropyridine


MOA: decreased HR, slows AV conduction


decreased cardiac contractility (negative inotrope) and O2 demand


also Rx for coronary artery spasm (vasospastic angina)


ADEs: peripheral edema, hypoT, bradyC, constipation


works less effectively than verapamil


Diuretics - ANSWER - agents that increase urine volume


numerous mechanisms of action


Thiazide Diuretics - ANSWER - MOA: inhibits Na reabsorption in distal tubules,
increases excretion of Na, K, and H2O


initially decreases BP via lowering plasma volume; with LT use, causes decreased
peripheral vascular resistance


Indications: mild to moderate HTN, HF


E.g. hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, metolazone

,ADEs: decreased K, Mg, Na; increased Ca, uric acid, glucose, LDL, triglycerides;
rash, photosensitivity, hypovolemia, weakness, fatigue, paresthesia


Contraindications: renal failure, hepatic cirrhosis


Notes: monitor RFTs, F&E, orthostatic hypoT, take in AM, daily wts


Loop Diuretics - ANSWER - MOA: selectively inhibit NaCl reabsorption in the
ascending loop of Henle


!!! most effective diuretic agent !!!


Indications: HF, acute pulmonary edema, acute hyperCa, hyperK


E.g. furosemide, torsemide, ethacrynic acid, bumetanide


ADEs: ototoxicity, hyperuricemia, hypoMg, severe hypovolemia, hypoK, hypoT,
allergic rxns (eosinophilia, interstitial nephritis, rash)


Contraindications: possible cross-reactivity in pts sensitivie or allergic to
sulfonamides


Notes: monitor BP, F&E, daily wts


Potassium Sparing Diuretics (Aldosterone Antagonists) - ANSWER - MOA: prevents K
secretion and Na absorption by antagonizing the effects of aldosterone in collecting
tubules


Indications: diuresis, HF, hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, hyperaldosteronism


E.g. spironolactone, eplerenone

, ADEs: hyperK, gynecomastia, kidney stones, acute renal failure, hyperchloremic
metabolic acidosis


Contraindications: chronic renal insufficiency, caution with use of ACEIs-ARBs-BBs


Notes: often used in combo with loop or thiazide diuretics to blunt K losses


Potassium Sparing Diuretics - ANSWER - MOA: inhibits Na reabsorption at the distal
convoluted tubule (not dependent on presence of aldosterone)


Indications: diuresis


E.g. triamterene, amiloride


ADEs: hyperK, weakness, fatigue, N/V/D, azotemia, muscle cramps


Notes: typically given with a loop or thiazide diuretic to blunt K losses


Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - ANSWER - MOA: inhibition of carbonic anhydrase,
blunts HCO3 reabsorption, causes diuresis


Indications: glaucoma (most common indication), acute mountain sickness, urinary
alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis


E.g. acetazolamide (Diamox)


ADEs: hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, renal stones, renal K wasting, drowsiness
and paresthesias, decreased excretion of NH4+ in liver failure


Notes: caution in hepatic cirrhosis (hyperammonemia)

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