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Personnel and Industrial Psychology Exam 1 Questions with Verified Answers
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Organizational Behavior - Answer-seeks increased knowledge of all aspects in organizational settings through scientific method Nature of Organizations - Answer-Open systems: Katz and Kahn 1866 Systems theory NoO: Inputs - Answer-from the environment, people/ideas/raw product NoO: Throughpu...

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  • September 17, 2024
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Personnel and Industrial Psychology
Exam 1 Questions with Verified Answers
Organizational Behavior - Answer-seeks increased knowledge of all aspects in
organizational settings through scientific method

Nature of Organizations - Answer-Open systems: Katz and Kahn 1866 Systems theory

NoO: Inputs - Answer-from the environment, people/ideas/raw product

NoO: Throughputs - Answer-what you do to inputs

NoO: Outputs - Answer-to the environment, finished product

Hawthorne Studies Ideology - Answer-Earliest Systematic research in the field of OB.
is designed to determine work environments affecting performance (assembly line
workers)

Hawthorne Studies- Study - Answer-told selected people they were the best which
changed how people acted (highlighted influence of social factors)

Hawthorne Effect - Answer-tendency for people being studied to behave differently than
they ordinarily would

Raymond Cattell - Answer-Army Alpha and Beta, military screening (selection became
prevalent research topic)

Walter Dill Scott - Answer-Psychology of Advertising, father of industrial psychology,
first works and contributions to the field were in the early 1900's

Hugo Munsterberg - Answer-Efficiency expert, how to find the best possible work, how
to produce the best possible effects, one of the founders of industrial psychology

Frederick Taylor - Answer-Classical business efficiency, father of scientific
management, scientific management: 1700s, early approach to management and
organizational behavior emphasizing the importance of designing jobs efficiently

Human Relations Movement - Answer-perspective on OB that rejects the primarily
economic orientation of scientific management and recognizes, instead, the importance
of social processes and work settings

John B. Watson - Answer-father of behaviorism, psychology to advertising

, Woodward - Answer-technological determinism, small batch, mass production,
continuous process

James Thompson - Answer-technological determinism, work flows, organizational
structure, mediating pooled, long linked sequetial (assembly line), intensive reciprocal
(team intensive)

Standardized Structure - Answer-everything is set up (pooled) ready to go

Planning Structure - Answer-forecast and make predictions due to the fact that line
speed can be predicted: work flow is sequential

Mutual Adjustment - Answer-reciprocal workflow is more chaotic and everyone watches
what everyone else is doing and adjusts their own performance accordingly

Pugh and Hickson - Answer-Belonged to Aston Group, findings in smaller companies,
proves organizational size is an influencing factor. large companies go by different
rules.

Organization Definitions - Answer-structured social systems consisting of groups and
individuals working together to meet agreed-upon objectives.
set of stable social relations created to serve some purpose or goal with an authority
structure

Classical Organizational Definitions - Answer-focuses on most efficient way of
structuring organizations (division of labor, bureaucracy)

Responses to Technology Changes - Answer-Leaner organizations (downsizing,
outsourcing), Virtual organization creation (amazon), increasing telecommuting use,
increasing engagement, increasing flexibility, quality revolution.

Globalization - Answer-interconnecting the worlds people with respect to culture,
economics, political, technological, and environmental aspects of their lives.
multinational enterprises

Management Perspectives - Answer-Convergence Hypothesis (assumes principles of
good management are universal), Divergence Hypothesis (recognizing how to manage
effectively)

Expatriates - Answer-person living outside their native country

culture - Answer-arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement
regarded collectively

Culture Shock - Answer-Feeling of disorientation experienced by someone who is
suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture, way of life or attitudes

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