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Organizational Psychology Exam #1 Questions and Answers
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What is organizational psychology? - Answer--Systematic study of behavior and mental processes at work Old terms - Answer--Industrial psychology -I/O psychology Industrial side of I/O - Answer--Older branch -Focus on personnel (human resources) -Management perspective of organizational eff...

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  • September 17, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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Organizational Psychology Exam #1
Questions and Answers
What is organizational psychology? - Answer--Systematic study of behavior and mental
processes at work

Old terms - Answer--Industrial psychology
-I/O psychology

Industrial side of I/O - Answer--Older branch
-Focus on personnel (human resources)
-Management perspective of organizational efficiency

Organizational side of I/O - Answer--Focuses more on individual employees
-Concerned with thinking and well-being of employee
-Rooted in HR perspective

What do psychologists in industry do? - Answer--Help employers achieve their goals
-Help customers achieve their goals
-Help product designers achieve their goals

What do employers want? - Answer--Make money
-Spend less
-Improve morale and efficiency
-Low turnover
etc

Industry vs academics - Answer--Academic psychology: investigates how people work
-Industry: designs systems that take advantage of this knowledge

I/O Research vs typical Psych Research - Answer--Mostly applied
-Own set of variables of little interest to other psychologists (job satisfaction, pay, etc)
-More work field (almost 70%)
-More correlational (experimental=changing a variable to see what happens,
correlational=looking at a relationship)
-Frequent use of simulations

Subspecialties in I/O Psych - Answer--Human Resources (personnel)
-Organizational Behavior
-Ergonomics
-Vocational counseling
-Industrial relations

, Pioneers in the field - Answer--Andrew Ure: first to study human factors in workplace
(1830s). Argued that technology improved working conditions.
-Karl Marx: alienation of workers due to capitalism and automation
-James McKeen Cattel: mental testing
-W.L. Bryan: advocated applied over pure research
-Walter Dill Scott: the first to apply psych to advertising
-Hugo Munsterberg: simulation of trolley car
-Walter Von Dyke Bingham: psych to sales
-Frederick Taylor: scientific management

Principles of Frederick Taylor's scientific management - Answer--Each job should be
analyzed and redesigned in a scientific way
-Employees need to be chosen in a scientific way
-Good, careful training is essential
-Reward high levels of productivity

Time and Motion Studies (Taylor) - Answer--Increased efficiency and a better world for
workers

Army Alpha/Army Beta - Answer--Early large scale personnel screening

Elton Mayo - Answer--Father of the human relations model
-The Hawthorne Studies (if you feel watched/cared for your productivity will go up)
-Another Hawthorne study (punching workers who produced more as well as people
who worked too slow- telling the boss got you punched as well)

Elton Mayo's conclusions - Answer--Ability does not equal performance
-Informed organization affects productivity
-Work-group norms affect productivity
-The workplace is a social system
-The need for recognition, security, and a sense of belonging is very important

Criterion - Answer--A standard by which we judge performance

Job Analysis - Answer--Method for describing jobs and the human attributes needed

Job Evaluation - Answer--Quantitative methods for determining salary

Performance Appraisal - Answer--Evaluating employees' performance at their job

Two basic approaches to Job Analysis - Answer--Job oriented approach (more
traditional, focuses on tasks, tools, etc)
-Person oriented approach (newer approach, typically focuses on KSAOs)

KSAOs - Answer--Knowledge: what a person knows
-Skills: what a person can do

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