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Exam (elaborations)

CCJ 4700 - Exam 1 Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update

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What are the two realities that explain how we know what we know? -:- Experiential - direct experience Agreement - what we've been told What is tradition? Give an example. -:- Things that "everybody knows" Ex: Driving on the left side of the road in the U.S. is dangerous What is authorit...

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  • September 17, 2024
  • 23
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • CCJ 4700
  • CCJ 4700
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2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!




CCJ 4700 - Exam 1 Questions and Correct
Answers | Latest Update
What are the two realities that explain how we know what we know?


✓ -:- Experiential - direct experience

✓ Agreement - what we've been told




What is tradition? Give an example.


✓ -:- Things that "everybody knows"

✓ Ex: Driving on the left side of the road i n the U.S. is dangerous




What is authority? Give an example.


✓ -:- Trusting the judgement of someone with special expertise

Ex: You are more likely to believe a judge regarding your driver's license suspension than

your parents




Errors in Personal Human Inquiry


✓ -:- Inaccurate Observation - overcome by using measurement devices

Overgeneralization - overcome by replicating the study to see if you get the same results


Selective Observation - specify in advance the number and types of observations
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,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!




Purposes of Research


✓ -:- Explore - examine an issue or policy about which little is known

Describe - observe and describe the scope of a problem or policy response


Explain - answer "why?"


Apply - Applied research is often used to evaluate the effects of specific criminal justice

programs


Two major types of applied research:


- Evaluation research


Comparing program goals to results


- Policy analysis Anticipate future consequences of alternative actions




What is the research process?


✓ -:- Problem or Objective - Describes what will be studied

Literature Review - Summarizes the prior research on the topic


Research Questions - Specifies what the research will answer


Subjects For Study - Whom or what will be studied


Measurement - Identifies the key variables of the study


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, 2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!



Data Collection Methods - Explains how observations will be collected


Analysis - Specifies how the observations will be analyzed


References - List of materials consulted and cited


Schedule - A timeline for the various stages of the proposal


Budget - Species where money to support the research will be spent




Social Scientific Theory


✓ -:- Discovering what is, not what should be

- Cannot settle debates on value


- Problematic with evaluators


Ex: What constitutes a good parole officer?




Social science aims to find...


✓ -:- Patterns of regularity in social life created by norms, rules, and

observations




What kind of patterns do social regularities represent?


✓ -:- Probabilistic

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