• 2 sources of agreement reality
-:- Tradition and Authority
• Errors in personal inquiry and their solutions
-:- Inaccurate observation (sol: scientific obs), overgeneralization (sol:
high value of large samples and replication - repeating a study, checking
to see whether similar resu...
✓ -:- - An illustration of illogic in day-to-day reasoning
- According to this fallacy, a consistent run of good or bad luck is presumed to foreshadow
its opposite.
• Type I and Type II error
✓ -:- Type I error - conclude a relationship exists when in fact it doesn't
Type II error - conclude there is no relationship when in fact there is one
• Theory - definition
✓ -:- A set of interconnected statements or propositions that explain how
two or more events or factors are related to one another
• formal vs substantive theory
✓ -:- - Substantive theory is developed for a specific area of social
concern. If you want to study, test, or develop substantive theory, you
can examine cases within the same substantive area. For example, you
could observe several different gangs, but not attempt to say something
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