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Pathophysiology Unit 4 - Cardiovascular system $8.00   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

Pathophysiology Unit 4 - Cardiovascular system

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  • Course
  • NU 231 Pathophysiology
  • Institution
  • NU 231 Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology Unit 4 - Cardiovascular system

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  • September 17, 2024
  • 23
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NU 231 Pathophysiology
  • NU 231 Pathophysiology
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- pericardium: tough, thick case that acts as a physical barrier for the heart
- endocardium: white sheet of endothelium that lines the heart
- myocardium: "bulk of the heart", consists of cardiac muscle


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Pericardium vs. Endocardium vs. Myocardium

,- EKG
- exercise stress testing
- echocardiography
- cardiac MRI/CT
- cardiac catheterization


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Methods to assess coronary blood flow and myocardial perfusion




deficiency of neutrophils (<1000/microL)
- can be caused by leukopenia (decrease in leukocytes)


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Neutropenia




Modifiable --> high salt intake, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, low intake of
K, insulin resistance, obstructive sleep apnea
Non-modifiable --> family history, age, race, renal disease


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Risk factors for hypertension




total iron binding capacity
- indicates transferrin saturation (transport protein of Fe)

, - high TIBC = Fe deficiency


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TIBC




atherosclerosis, CAD, stroke, heart failure


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Hypertension is a risk factor for...




1. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
2. Vasopressin (ADH)
3. Epi/Norepi


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3 humoral mechanisms to regulate BP




the difference between systolic & diastolic pressure


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Pulse pressure

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