Environmental Science Practice Exam Test.
Four stages in conservation history - CORRECT ANSWER The four stages in conservation history are Pragmatic resource conservation, moral and aesthetic nature preservation, a growing concern about health and ecological damage caused by pollution, and glo...
Four stages in conservation history - CORRECT ANSWER The four stages in conservation history are
Pragmatic resource conservation, moral and aesthetic nature preservation, a growing concern about
health and ecological damage caused by pollution, and global environmental citizenship. Pragmatic
resource conservation deals with Forests preserved "for the greatest good, for the greatest number, for
the longest time". Concerned about damage from grazing and deforestation. Resulted in framework for
national forest, park and refuge system. Moral and aesthetic nature preservation states Nature deserves
to exist for its own sake, Opposes pragmatic idea, and lead to the first national parks, (Yosemite, Kings
Canyon). Health and ecological damage caused by pollution deals with the age of environmentalism.
Global Environmental Citizenship deals with Technology has made the earth seem smaller., Aware of
issues worldwide, Atmospheric chemistry, biodiversity, ecosystem degradation, etc.
John Muir - CORRECT ANSWER John Muir was called "the father of the National Park System". John Muir
campaigned for the establishment of Yosemite Park which congress approved in 1980. He also wrote
books such as The Mountains of California (1894) and Our National Parks (1901). He is associated with
moral and aesthetic nature preservation.
President Theodore Roosevelt - CORRECT ANSWER President Theodore Roosevelt created national parks
and forests. In 1902 he established the first national park at Crater Lake, Oregon and went on to create
four more (Wind Cave National Park, SD; Sully's Hill, ND; Platt National Park, OK; and Mesa Verde
National Park, CO). During his tenure as president from 1901 to 1909 he created 51 wildlife refugees,
passed the Antiquities Act (which led to the creation of 18 national monuments), and created the
National Park Service. He is associated with moral and aesthetic nature preservation.
Gifford Pinchot - CORRECT ANSWER Gifford Pinchot is generally regarded as the "father" of American
conservation because of his great and unrelenting concern for the protection of the American forests.
He was the primary founder of the Society of American Foresters. He is associated with Pragmatic
resource conservation.
Aldo Leopold - CORRECT ANSWER Aldo Leopold is best known for his book A Sand County Almanac
(1949), which has sold over two million copies. Influential in the development of modern environmental
ethics and in the movement for wilderness conservation, his ethics of nature and wildlife preservation
had a profound impact on the environmental movement. He also was the founder of the science of
wildlife.
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