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Microbiology Exam 4 Study Guide Correct Answers Latest Version
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Microbiology Exam 4 Study Guide Correct Answers Latest Version
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Microbiology Exam 4 Study Guide CorrectAnswers Latest Version
When was AIDS first reported? Answer: 1981
When did a test become available? Answer: 1985
When did effective treatment become available? Answer: 1986
Where did HIV come from? Answer: An African hunter killed a chimpanzee, coming in contact with
the animal's blood, and SIVcpz mutated into HIV.
Did Gaeten Dugas bring HIV to the US? Answer: No
How many people in the US are living with HIV? Answer: 1.1 Million
What percent of people in the US are unaware of their infection? Answer: 15% (1 in 7)
How many people in the world are living are living with HIV? Answer: 37 Million
Worldwide, are more men infected than women? Answer: No, it's about equal.
Of the new HIV infections in the US, what percent were MSM? Answer: 63%
, Of the new HIV infections in the US, what percent were heterosexuals? Answer: 25%
Of the new HIV infections in the US, what percent were injection drug users? Answer: 8%
Describe the virus that causes AIDS. Answer: -HIV is a retrovirus.
-Enveloped
-Single-stranded-RNA, two copies of RNA genome (diploid)
-Virion contains RNA and 3 enzymes: 1) Reverse transcriptase 2) Protease 3) Integrase
-HIV changes rapidly because it lacks correction mechanisms--> every time the virus makes a copy of
itself there will be at least one genetic mistake in the new virus.
How is HIV transmitted? Answer: 1. Unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected partner.
2. Vertical transmission (mother to child) In utero, delivery, and breast milk)
3. Injection drug use (infected blood/blood products) (Parenteral)
What percent of babies are infected by their mothers? Answer: 25-33%
Can mother to child transmission be decreased? Answer: Yes, to less than 1% with antiviral
treatment.
What cells does HIV infect? Answer: 1. T4 Cells
2. Phagocytes- macrophages, dendrite cells
What are the 3 stages of HIV infection? Answer: 1) Initial (Acute) HIV infection
2) Clinical latency (Chronic)
3) AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
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