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Nursing Theories and Philosophies Exam Study Guide
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Nursing Theories and Philosophies Exam Study Guide. Theory - answera supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon (ie: theory of gravity) practice discipline - answerused for fields of study in which the central focus is performance of a professional role (nurs...

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  • September 17, 2024
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©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024


Nursing Theories and Philosophies Exam
Study Guide.



Theory - answer✔a supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given
phenomenon (ie: theory of gravity)

practice discipline - answer✔used for fields of study in which the central focus is performance
of a professional role (nursing, teaching, etc)

conceptual framework - answer✔a group of related ideas, statements, or concepts

grand theories - answer✔those that articulate a broad range of the significant relationships
among the concepts of a discipline

paradigm - answer✔refers to a pattern of shared understandings and assumptions about reality
and the world. they include our notions of reality that are largely unconscious or taken for
granted

metaparadigm for nursing - answer✔client, environment, health, nursing

midlevel theory - answer✔focus on the exploration of concepts such as pain, self-esteem,
learning, and hardiness

philosophy - answer✔a belief system, often an early effort to define nursing phenomena, and
serves as the basis for later theoretical formulations

nursing philosophies - answer✔Nightingale, Henderson, and Watson

nursing models - answer✔Neuman, Orem, Rogers, Roy, and King

nursing theories - answer✔Peplau, Leininger, and Parse

Nightingale's environmental theory - answer✔links health w/ 5 environmental factors: pure or
fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light, especially sunlight

PEPLAU'S INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS MODEL - answer✔existence of a therapeutic
relationship betw the nurse and the client. 4 phases: orientation, identification, exploitation, and
resolution

, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
Henderson's definition of nursing - answer✔nurse is concerned w/ both healthy and ill.
emphasis on independence from, and interdependence w/, other health care disciplines is well
recognized. Nurses role= assisting sick or healthy individuals independence in meeting 14
fundamental needs.

Rogers' science of unitary human beings - answer✔person=irreducible whole, the whole being
greater than the sum of its parts. humans=dynamic energy fields in continuous exchange w/
environmental fields. 4D.

Orem's general theory of nursing* - answer✔based on 4 concepts: self-care, self-care agency,
self-care requisites(needs), and therapeutic self-care demand

King's goal attainment theory - answer✔relationship of personal systems (individuals),
interpersonal systems (groups such as nurse-client), and social systems (education, health care,
etc)

Neuman's systems model* - answer✔based on the individual's relationship to stress, the
reaction to it, and reconstitution factors that are dynamic in nature. reconstitution is the state of
adaptation to stressors (atom model) intra=infection, inter=unrealistic role expectations, extra=$
concerns

Roy's adaptation model - answer✔the process and outcome whereby the thinking and feeling
person uses conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental integration. 4
modes: physiological, self-concept, role function mode, and interdependence mode.

Leininger's cultural care diversity and universality theory - answer✔human caring varies
among cultures in its expressions, processes, and patterns. it is largely culturally derived. focuses
on what is univeral among cultures and what varies.

Watson's human caring theory - answer✔caring=unifying focus for practice. carative
factors=clinical caritas processes (10 of them)

Parse's human becoming theory - answer✔3 assumptions about human becoming focus on
meaning, rhythmicity, and cotranscendence
1. Ventilation
2. Pure Water
3. Efficient Drainage
4. Cleanliness
5. Light


Also: Noise, Warmth and Diet - answer✔List 5 Environmental theory of Nightingale

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