NUR 3125 exam 1 pathophysiology - 91% on exam
Questions With Complete Solutions
A patient has contracted a severe sinus infection. If this infection
is bacterial, which component of the white blood cell differential
would be elevated? Correct Answers Neutrophils
a patient has developed a productive cough with colored sputum
for the past three months. He is a long time smoker. Which
disease best fits his description? Correct Answers Chronic
bronchitis
A patient presents with a sodium level of 150. What is the
bodies normal response to counteract this? Correct Answers
thirst
a patient with asthma presents with questions regarding her
asthma. She is 12 years old and has felt well lately. What is the
nurses best response? Correct Answers Asthma is a chronic
disease. While people tend to wheeze less as they age, the
underlying disease remains.
Consider the role of various electrolytes in nerve conduction and
subsequent muscle contraction. Which of the following is
responsible for muscular relaxation in this context?
a. magnesium
b. phosphorus
c. potassium
d. calcium Correct Answers magnesium
,Nurses can be asked to administer a variety of electrolytes
through intravenous lines. Which of the following is given with
the greatest caution? Correct Answers Potassium
Which of the following electrolytes has the least significant
effect on the cardiovascular system?
a. chloride
b. potassium
c.sodium
d. magnesium Correct Answers chloride
Which of the following enzyme results in the production of the
kind of prostaglandin that is involved in pain and swelling of
tissues? Correct Answers Cyclooxygenase 2
Which of the following exerts the most significant amount of
osmotic pressure?
a. sodium
b. calcium
c. potassium
d. magnesium Correct Answers sodium
Which of the following is the cut iff fir greatly increased risk of
COPD in pack years?
a. 50
b. 20
c. 30
d.75 Correct Answers 50
,Which of the following is the most common long term side
effect of chronic inflammation? Correct Answers scar tissue
formation
Which of the following laboratory measures is designed to assist
clinicians with the staging of HIV disease? Correct Answers
CD 4 count
Which of the following sputum descriptions is most likely
associated with pneumonia?
a. clear and thick
b. green
c. rust colored
d. clear grey Correct Answers rust colored
Which of the following vascular processes results in swelling or
edema in an inflamed body region? Correct Answers increased
vascular permeability
which receptors in the lungs are responsible for bronchial
smooth muscle spasm? Correct Answers B2
"bands" - "the shifts" Correct Answers "bands" are immature
forms of neutrophils (PMNs)
"segs" are mature form
look at relationship btwn "bands" and "segs"
2 cells involved in chronic inflammation Correct Answers
macrophages and lymphocytes
, 2 forms of body acids Correct Answers 1. volatile (eliminated
as CO2 or H2O)
-DO NOT readily give up H+ ions
ex. carbonic acid (weak)
2. non-volatile (eliminated through renal tubulars - kidneys) -
readily give up H+ ions
ex. organic strong acids: sulfuric, phosphoric acid
2 steps of adaptive immunity Correct Answers 1. clonal
diversity: maturation of B and T cells (in primary lymphoid
organs - thymus and bone marrow), then migrate to secondary
(T cells - spleen) (B cells - lymph nodes)
2. clonal selection: exposure to antigen occurs
cellular interaction of T-helper cells and APCs
this interaction results in second stage of proliferation
(B cells into memory cells and plasma cells (Ig)
(T cells into effector, memory, and regulatory cells)
2 types of cell death Correct Answers 1. necrosis (inflamm
changes, autolysis)
I. coagulative
II. liquefactive
III. caseous
IV. fat
V. gangrene
2. apoptosis (no inflamm changes)
I: programmed cell death
II: autophagic cell death (autophagy - cytoplasmic contents
delivered to lysosome for degradation)
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