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Psychology 105 - Final Exam With Complete Solutions
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Psychology 105 - Final Exam With Complete Solutions
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Psychology 105 - Final Exam With CompleteSolutions
Developmental psychology Answer: The study of how behaviour changes over an individual's
lifespan
Post Hoc Fallacy Answer: (A then B) != (A causes B)
Bidirectional Influences Answer: Development influences experiences, experiences influence
development
Cohort Effect Answer: Differences in groups due to growing up in a different era/time period
The Influence of Early Development Answer: Early input from the world is not more important than
input at any other time
Nature vs Nurture Answer: Out psychosis is affected by both our genes (nature) and our
environment (nurture)
Gene-Environment Interactions Answer: Genes can intensify the behaviour we develop from our
environment
Nature via Nurture Answer: Our genetics drive us to find environments that suit us, giving the false
appearance of a pure environmental effect
Gene expression Answer: Some genes "turn on" only in certain situations
,Proliferation Answer: Period between 18 days and 6 months where babies develop neurons at an
incredible rate (up to 250K per minute)
Teratogens Answer: Things that hinder prenatal development (smoking, alcohol, drugs, chicken pox)
Motor Development Answer: We're born with some motor functions (sucking, rooting), while
others develop over time (rate is affected by culture and physical maturity)
Physical Development Answer: Adolescence: Puberty, sex changes, physical maturity
Adulthood: Physical/cognitive peak in early 20s
Stagelike vs Gradual Development Answer: Stagelike development refers to sudden changes
(stages), gradual development refers to a slow (gradual) growth
Domain General vs Domain Specific Answer: Domain-general suggests that we have a global
knowledge structure, domain-specific suggests that we have specialized knowledge structure
Principal Source of Learning Answer: Emphasis on different learning sources (physical experience vs
social interaction vs biological maturation)
Who is Jean Piaget? Answer: Swiss psychologist who presented the first complete account of
cognitive development. Stage theorist who believed in domain-general development.
Piaget's Theory Answer: Children assimilate knowledge in a stage, and hit a new stage when they
can't assimilate new information
, Piaget's Stages Answer: Sensorimotor: Birth to 2yrs, focus on here and now, lack object permanence
Preoperational: 2-7yrs, can consiously construct memories, egocentric
Concrete operations: 7-11yrs, can perform mental operations for physical events
Formal operations: 11-adulthood, can understand reasoning beyond the here and now, can understand
logical concepts and abstract questions
Pros and Cons of Piaget's Theories Answer: Pros: showed us that kids aren't just small adults,
learning is not passive
Cons: children's competence was underestimated and methods were culturally biased
Who is Lev Vygotsky? Answer: Psychologist who developed theories on social and cultural
influences on cognitive development
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) Answer: The middle ground between what learners can and
can't do (what they can do with guidance)
Cognitive Changes in Adolescence Answer: Frontal lobes aren't fully matured, feelings of
uniqueness, care-free
Cognitive Changes in Late Adulthood Answer: Ability to recall information and processing speed
decline, memory of pertinent information increases
TL;DR: Slower learner, but wiser
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