NPA indications - answer✔Potential or actual airway obstruction
NPA contraindications - answer✔Nil
NPA precautions - answer✔#Airway trauma, particularly epistaxis
#Incorrect size or placement will compromise effectiveness
#Exacerbate injury in base of skull fracture, with NPA potentially displacing in the cranial vault
#can stimulate gag reflex in sensitive patients, precipitating vomiting or aspiration
Direct laryngoscopy indications - answer✔Visualisation of the glottis for the purpose of:
- Oral endotracheal tube insertion
- Removal of foreign body
Direct laryngoscopy contraindications - answer✔Suspected or known epiglottitis
Direct laryngoscopy complications - answer✔- laryngospasm
- hypoxia due to delays in oxygenation while performing the procedure
- trauma to the mouth or upper airway, particularly teeth/ dentures
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