Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA) - answer✔Indications
• Maintain airway patency
• Bite block for intubated patients or advanced airways
Contraindications
• Nil
Complications
• Airway trauma from incorrect OPA placement
• Intolerance of OPA requiring removal
• Can precipitate vomiting/aspiration in a patient with an intact gag reflex
• Incorrect size or placement can potentially exacerbate an airway obstruction
Complications
• Airway trauma, particularly epistaxis
• Incorrect size or placement will compromise effectiveness
• Exacerbate injury in base of skull fracture with NPA potentially displacing the cranial vault
• Can still stimulate a gag reflex in sensitive patients, precipitating vomiting or aspiration
Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) - answer✔Indications
• Actual loss of airway patency and/or airway protection
Contraindications
• Nil
Complications
• Failure to provide adequate airway or ventilation
• Can precipitate vomiting and aspiration in a patient with intact airway reflexes
• Airway trauma
• Maxillofacial trauma
• Patient intolerance
• Can precipitate laryngospasm on insertion and removal
Direct Laryngoscopy - answer✔Indications
• Visualisation of the glottis for the purpose of:
- Oral endotracheal tube insertion
- Removal of foreign body
Complications
• Laryngospasm
• Hypoxia due to delays in oxygenation while performing procedure
• Trauma to mouth or upper airway, particularly teeth/dentures
• Exacerbation of underlying C-spine injury
• Vomiting
Magill Forceps - answer✔Indications
• Removal of pharyngeal foreign bodies causing airway obstruction in an obtunded patient
• To facilitate the insertion of an orogastric tube
Contraindications
• Patients with an effective cough
Complications
• Trauma to the tissue surrounding the pharynx uvula and tongue
• Manipulating a partially obstructed airway may cause the object to totally occlude the airway
Laryngeal Manipulation - answer✔Indications
• Sub-optimal visualisation of the larynx during direct laryngoscopy
Contraindications
• Active vomiting
Complications
• Incorrect application
• May worsen visualisation of the larynx
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