NUR 3125 - Exam #2 Questions With Complete Solutions
_____ and ______ indicates infection in urine test Correct
Answers nitrite & leukocyte esterase
______ will compensate first, _______ will lag behind Correct
Answers lungs, kidneys
3 theories of nephrolithiasis Correct Answers 1. supersaturation
of urine by stone forming constituents
2. deposition of calcium phosphate -> plaque becomes a calculi
3. deficiency of one or all proteins that inhibit stone formation
acute coronary syndrome (ACS) Correct Answers unstable
angina to MI (cardiac emergency)
acute hypercapnic respiratory failure Correct Answers unable
to maintain a level of alveolar ventilation sufficient to eliminate
CO2 and keep arterial O2 levels within normal range -
ventilatory FAILURE
acute hypoxemic respiratory failure Correct Answers mismatch
of ventilation and perfusion (lungs ventilated but not perfused) -
NOT oxygenating
patho:
- presence of EOSINOPHILS, lymphocytes, mast cells
- IgE mediated
- TNF-a, IL-4 and IL-5
- eosinophils release LEUKOTRIENES -> release of
HISTAMINE from mast cells
clinical man:
WHEEZING, cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, USE OF
ACCESSORY MUSCLES (abdominal/intercostal)
atelectasis Correct Answers incomplete expansion of a lung or
portion of lung
atypical pneumonia Correct Answers caused viral and
mycoplasma infections that involve alveolar septum and
interstitium of lung (patchy)
- m. pneumoniae
- influenza
- RSV
less striking symptoms
BUN Correct Answers increases azotemia when:
1. kidney is dysfunctional
, 2. HIGH protein diet is consumed
3. DEHYDRATION concentrates blood urea
chronic bronchitis Correct Answers - hypersecretion of mucus
and edema inhibit ventilation
- cannot get air IN
- cough for 3 MONTHS OUT OF THE YEAR FOR 2
CONSECUTIVE YEARS
- chronic hypoxia
- clubbing of fingernails
- blue boater
chronic renal failure Correct Answers - usually progresses to
ESRD
- hemodialysis or kidney transplant are the ONLY options to
support life
clinical manifestations of acute kidney injury Correct Answers
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS, volume overload -> pulmonary
edema, encephalopathy, HYPERKALEMIA, CVA tenderness,
HEMATURIA, PROTEINURIA, OLIGURIA (< 400 mL urine
output per day or < 20 mL per hour)
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