NUR 1510 Unit 3-Ch.15 Test Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 1510
Institution
NUR 1510
How does the pain of childbirth differ from other kinds of pain? Childbirth pain differs from other painful experiences because it is part of a normal process, the woman has time to prepare for it, it is self-limited and intermittent, and it ends with the birth of the baby.
How can excessive pain ...
NUR 1510 Unit 3-Ch.15 Test Questions
and Correct Answers
How does the pain of childbirth differ from other kinds of pain? ✅Childbirth pain differs
from other painful experiences because it is part of a normal process, the woman has
time to prepare for it, it is self-limited and intermittent, and it ends with the birth of the
baby.
How can excessive pain adversely affect a laboring woman and her fetus?
✅Excessive, unrelieved labor pain may result in a stress reponse (diverting blood flow
from the uterus and compromising fetal oxygenation), maternal acid-base imbalance,
and fetal acidosis. It may increase the length of labor. Poor pain relief can lessen the joy
of childbirth for the woman and her partner and may have lasting psychological effects.
How may physical and psychological factors interact in a woman's labor pain
experience? ✅Physical and psychological factors interest to alter the ability to tolerate
pain. For example, relaxation and working with the forces of labor enhance the chance
that the woman who has a large baby and a small pelvis will give birth vaginally.
What 4 sources of pain are present in most labors? ✅4 sources of pain present in
most labors are cervical dilation, uterine ischemia, pressure and pulling on pelvic
structures, and distention of the vagina and perineum.
How can each of physical factors influence the pain a woman experiences during
childbirth: Labor intensity? Cervical readiness? Fetal position? Maternal pelvis?
Fatigue? ✅Physical factors that influence pain include the following:
A) A short, intense labor may be more painful because dilation, effacement, and fetal
descent occur rapidly.
B) A cervix that does not efface or dilate easily is likely to be associated with a longer
and more uncomfortable labor.
C) An abnormal fetal position may cause a longer labor as the woman's body
maneuvers it into a better position. Back pain is especially noticeable if the fetus is in an
occiput posterior position.
D) Variations in the mother's pelvic size or shape may result in abnormal fetal
presentations or positions and in a longer labor because the fetus does not fit through
the pelvis easily.
E) Fatigue reduces the woman's pain tolerance and ability to use coping skills.
How do psychosocial factors influence a woman's experience with labor pain?
✅Psychosocial factors that influence labor pain include culture, anxiety and fear,
previous experiences, preparation for childbirth, and the mother's support system.
, How does the gate-control theory of pain relate to nonpharmacologic methods of pain
control? ✅The gate control theory of pain assumes that a gating mechanism in the
dorsal horn of the spinal cord controls the transmission of painful impulses to the brain
for interpretation. Pain impulses are transmitted through small-diameter fibers, whereas
other sensations, such as tactile sensations (massage, heat, cold) are transmitted more
quickly through large-diameter fibers. Therefore the impulses transmitted through the
large-diameter fibers interfere with or "close the gate" to transmission of pain impulses.
Impulses from the brain, such as responses to auditory stimuli (listening to music, for
instance) can also impede pain transmission.
What are some nursing actions to encourage relaxation during labor? ✅Nursing
actions to promote relaxation include arranging for environmental comfort, maintaining
the woman's general comfort, reducing factors that cause anxiety and fear, and using
specific relaxation techniques such as helping the woman focus on relaxing specific
tense muscles.
How can the nurse reduce a laboring woman's anxiety or fear? ✅Accurate information
and a focus on the normal aspects of childbirth help reduce anxiety and fear. Avoid
referring to the woman as a client or patient because these words are associated with
illness in a hospital. Call her and her partner by the names they requested when
admitted. Empowerment of the birthing partners helps them see themselves as
competent to give birth successfully.
How might each of these cutaneous stimulation techniques be used to aid relaxation
during labor: self-massage? Massage by others? Counter-pressure? Warmth or cold?
✅Self-massage might include effleurage, rubbing the hands together, patting or
banging the hands on the rail. Massage by others helps relax tense muscles and aids
relaxation. Counterpressure, which may include sacral pressure or other variations, is
often used to reduce back pain when the fetus is in an occiput posterior position.
Acupressure uses directed pressure for pain management. Warmth relaxes muscles,
promoting relaxation. Warmth may be in the form of a shower, tub bath, or whirlpool.
Cool often feels better to the laboring woman who may be hot, or she may want cool
only in a local area of ice in her mouth.
When hydrotherapy is used during labor, why are these cautions required? Adequate
maternal hydration? Control of water temperature? ✅Hydration must be adequate to
offset the diuresis that often occurs with immersion in water. Diuresis could reduce
placental perfusion if plasma volume is low. Water temperature must be controlled to
prevent hyperthermia or hypothermia, which could raise the mother's metabolic rate,
increasing her oxygen and glucose consumption. These changes could reduce oxygen
and glucose delivered to the fetus. Hyperthermia in the mother increases fetal body
temperature and increases fetal demand for oxygen.
Why is it important to avoid advancing to more complex breathing techniques sooner
than needed? ✅The more complex breathing techniques are more effective for greater
pain, but they are tiring. Advancing from simpler to more complex breathing techniques
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