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NUR 308 Exam 3 Test Questions and Correct Answers
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  • NUR 308
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  • NUR 308

Components of integumentary system skin, hair, nails, glands Comprises the protective coating that guards the body from injury Largest and most visible organ Functions of integumentary system protect underlying body tissues from external environment Provides a barrier against bacterial and viral ...

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  • September 18, 2024
  • 32
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • nur 308 exam 3 test questions and correct answers
  • components of integumentary system skin hair na
  • functions of integumentary system protect underly

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NUR 308 Exam 3 Test Questions and
Correct Answers
Components of integumentary system ✅skin, hair, nails, glands
Comprises the protective coating that guards the body from injury
Largest and most visible organ

Functions of integumentary system ✅protect underlying body tissues from external
environment

Provides a barrier against bacterial and viral invasion

Sensory perception-pain, hot, cold, pressure

Heat regulation by responding to changes in internal and external temperature

Skin cancers ✅most commonly diagnosed cancers
-early detection and treatment can lead to good prognosis
Teach to self examine
-asymmetry
-border
-color
-diameter (<6mm)
-evolving

Skin cancer epidemiology ✅two groups: melanoma, nonmelanoma

Uv damage to dna increases with extended time in the sun and is a major contributing
factor to the development of skin cancers

Non-melanoma skin cancer ✅basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinomas are the most common form (75%)

Melanoma ✅men are diagnosed at a higher rate
Most common cancer in women 25-29

Melanoma account for <2% of all cancers but vast majority of skin cancer deaths

Skin cancer pathophysiology ✅uv radiation from sunlight is composed of uva and uvb

Uva rays penetrate deeper into skin, damage disrupts cellular membranes

,Uvb rays do not penetrate deeply into skin, cause sunburns and direct damage to dna

Uv radiation is absorbed by dna of epidermal cells and mediates immune supression

Actinic keratosis ✅a precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin,
papules and plaques (2cm)

Most common form of precancerous lesions

Treatment cyrosurgery, 5 fu topical chemo, surgical removal

Can turn into squamous cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma ✅most common and least severe type of skin cancer

Occurs in middle/older age

Usually not metastatic but can become locally invasive

Reoccurance rate of 44% in 3years

Treatment
Surgical excision
Cryosurgery
Radiation
Topical chemo

Squamous cell carcinoma ✅malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells

Cause signficant damage to adjacent tissue

Highly aggressive and metastazie within months

Treatment
Biopsy
Surgical excision
Cryotherapy
Radiation/chemo

Malignant melanoma ✅most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black
or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised.

Environmental and genetic links

Treatment
Excisional biospy only

,May require chemo/interferon or radiation

Malignant melanoma clinical manifestations ✅appearance can follow the abcde rule

Stages depend on thickness and depth

Report increase in size, change in shape/color

Body distribution: anywhere

Common on legs and backs of women and trunk, head, neck in men

Maliginant melanoma statistics ✅once in other organs, palliative care only
-incurable, 7.5 survival after diagnosis

5 year survival rate of 91%, 10 year survival rate 89%

Malignant skin neoplasms risk factors ✅exposure to uv radiation
Extended exposure-greater risk
Genetic factors
History of chronic sun exposure
Outdoor jobs
Indoor tanning booths
Fair skin
-blonde/red hair
-blue/green eyes
Darker skinned individuals still carry a risk

Malignant melanoma treatment ✅excision with a 5mm margin of unaffected tissue and
biopsy, including a sentinel lymph node biospy

Outcome depends on staging

Tumors confined to epidermis have better prognosis

Immunotherapy:
-interferon alpha and interleukin-2 provide treatment option with modest benefits
-stimulate the antitumor response of immune system and inhibit tumor growth

Skin cancer treatment: surgical excision and curettage/electrodesiccation ✅cancers
with well defined margins, high cure rate

Appropriate for low risk smaller lesions
Pt receives local anesthetic, sharp curette used to scrape away friable tumor until base
is felt
Minimal damage to surrounding tissue

, Skin cancer treatment: mohs micrographic surgery ✅gold standard for treatment of
non melanoma skin cancers

Highly specialized surgical approach completed only by specifically trained surgeons

Horizontal sections of tumor are excised, leaving a minimal margin of normal tissue

Skin cancer treatment: photodynamic therapy ✅noninvasive, exposes tumor to light
source, reacts to topical photosensitizing agent

Up to 20% of patients experience severe pain during procedure

May experience burning, itching, crusting at site post op

Advantageous for poor surgical candidates or for those who have large or multiple
lesions that can be treated at one time

Skin cancer treatment: cryotherapy ✅liquid nitrogen used to freeze vasculature leading
to cell death and tissue destruction.

As the tissue thaws, patients experience increased tenderness.

May have blistering and sloughing (white, yellow, tan or green)

Skin discoloration may last up to a year

Minimal scarring

Skin cancer treatment: radiotherapy ✅external beam radiation delivered in fractionated
doses from an x-ray machine.

Contraindicated on previously irradiated areas and some non-melanoma skin cancers.
Appropriate for patients who are poor surgical candidates

For aggressive squamous cell carcinoma, radiotherapy is an additional treatment
following surgical excision.

Skin cancer treatment: topical chemo ✅5-fluorouracil is used in the treatment of
multiple actinic keratoses or for superficial widespread basal cell carcinoma that would
take multiple surgical procedures

Therapy occurs over several weeks; lesions become inflamed, begin to crust, drain, and
eventually erode away.

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