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Fluid & Electrolytes - NSG 170 Test review Study Guide

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Fluid & Electrolytes - NSG 170 Test review Study Guide Potassium - Answer️️ --Major cation in the ICF. -Normal lab values in ECF 3.5-5.0 mEq/L -Basic function: intracellular excitation -Crucial to heart function & can cause arrhythmias if levels are too high/low -conduction of the nerve i...

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  • September 18, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • NSG 170
  • NSG 170
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EmillyCharlotte
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Fluid & Electrolytes - NSG 170 Test
review Study Guide

Potassium - Answer✔️✔️--Major cation in the ICF.


-Normal lab values in ECF 3.5-5.0 mEq/L

-Basic function: intracellular excitation

-Crucial to heart function & can cause arrhythmias if levels are too high/low

-conduction of the nerve impulses

Hyperkalemia - Answer✔️✔️--Greater than 5.0 mEq/L (too much potassium)

-TALL peaked T waves (over excitement of cardiac tissue)

-muscle twitching/cramps (early stages)

-muscle weakness/paralysis (late stages)

-cardiac dysrhythmias

-associated w/ renal disease b/c not excreting out potassium properly, but can also be

due to salt substitutes & medications such as potassium sparing diuretics.

Treatment of hyperkalemia - Answer✔️✔️--renal dialysis

- potassium lowering medications

-restricting potassium containing foods

Hypokalemia - Answer✔️✔️--less than 3.5 mEq/L (not enough potassium)

-comes from fluid loss, vomiting/diarrhea, sweating; meds: diuretics, laxatives, steroids

-muscle weakness/spasms/leg

,TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD
OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024
-cramping

-numbness

-tingling

-fatigue

-lightheadedness

-heart palpitations

-bradycardia

-cardiac arrest

-FLATTENED T WAVES

-u waves

Treatment of hypokalemia - Answer✔️✔️--Supplementing foods-bananas, melons, raw

spinach

-oral potassium supplements

-IV fluids w/ potassium

-switching to potassium sparing diuretics

Administration of IV potassium - Answer✔️✔️-Make sure IV potassium is diluted and

administer with an IV pump because potassium can burn the vein and overdose can

cause arrhythmia's and death,

Calcium (CA++) - Answer✔️✔️--8.5-10.5 mg/dL

-found primarily in bones and teeth (99%) w/ remaining 1% dissolved in the blood.

, TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD
OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024
-half of the normal range (8.5-10.5 mg/dL) is bound to plasma proteins, mainly albumin

and the other half is ionized or free floating

Simplified body function: neuronal excitability (motor neurons sending signals to

muscles, causing them to contract)

Hypercalcemia - Answer✔️✔️--Causes DECREASED muscle contraction

-over 10.5 mg/dL

-excess calcium stabilizing membrane channels

-constipation from decreased GI tract motility

-decreased DTRs

-lethargy

-bone pain

-decreased activity of cardiovascular system resulting in dysrhythmias and cardiac

arrest

Treatment for hypercalcemia - Answer✔️✔️-Hydrate w/ fluids

Cardiac monitoring

Loop diuretics to promote calcium excretion

Hypocalcemia - Answer✔️✔️--EXCESS muscles contractions

-a lot of easily excitable muscles but not enough calcium to stabilize membrane

channels

-not enough calcium causes tetany (involuntary contractions of the muscles), causes

vomiting/diarrhea (GI muscles are going crazy), convulsions, heart dysrhythmias

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