CMN 548 MODULE 1 STUDY GUIDE
TEST QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT
ANSWERS
What is an absent seizure and how long do atypical seizures last? - Answer-sudden
brief lapse of consciousness, momentary blinking/staring/or movements of lips and
hands but NO FALLING
-atypical absent szs may last >10 seconds
What should you suspect if tonic-clonic seizures begin after age 30? - Answer-suspect it
is either a partial seizure that has become generalize or a generalized seizure cause by
a toxic or metabolic disorder (ETOH withdrawal, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, bacterial
meningitis)
What is tar dive dyskinesia a late complication of? - Answer-antipsychotic or antiemetic
drugs
What is the strongest risk factor for a stroke? - Answer-TIA
What is the most consistently observed vulnerability factor for developing delirium? -
Answer-cognitive impairment
what is dementia characterized by? - Answer-decline in memory and cognitive ability
that interferes with ADLs
What does diagnosis of dementia require the exclusion of? - Answer-delirium and
depression
Dermatomes are - Answer-a band of skin innervated by the sensory root of a single
spinal nerve
-in SCI, all dermatomes blow the level of injury can be affected
What grade is considered "normal" on the scale for grading reflexes? - Answer-2
What grade is considered "very brisk; w/ clonus" on the scale for grading reflexes? -
Answer-4
What grade is considered "somewhat diminished or requires reinforcement" on the
scale for grading reflexes? - Answer-1
,What grade is considered "reflex absent" on the scale for grading reflexes? - Answer-0
What does a positive Brudzinski sign or Kerning sign indicate? - Answer-meningeal
inflammation from meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage
nonorganic neuro symptom - Answer-symptoms not explained by anatomy/a medical
condition
What is the suggestive cause of a "throbbing" headache? - Answer-vascular cause
What does lightheadedness or faintness suggest? - Answer-o suggest impairment of
brain oxygenation, as by cardiac arrhythmia, or hypotension, or psychological factors.
- Coinciding palpitations, angina, or shortness of breath should raise the question of a
cardiac cause of dizziness
When are Parkinsonian tremors the worst? When do they disappear? - Answer--Worst
at rest and during excitement
-Disappears during sleep
What visual disturbances are seen with angle closure glaucoma? - Answer-pt may see
rainbows or halos on lights
What visual disturbances are seen with digitalis toxicity? - Answer-visual field may have
a yellowish hue
FOGS - Answer-- Family story of memory loss
- Orientation of the pt (month, date, time)
- General info (Who is the president of the US?)
- Spelling
What does vertical nystagmus suggest? - Answer-brainstem lesion
what does pendular nystagmus suggest? - Answer-congenital condition or blindness
since early childhood
When does true diplopia disappear? - Answer-when one eye is occluded
-unless detached retina or dislocated lens is present
key tests for coordination: - Answer-finger to nose
heel to shim
rapid alternating movement of hands and feet
, What is a positive Babinski reflex and what what it indicate? - Answer-abnormal
dorsiflexion of the big toe accompanied by fanning of the toes
-normal toes respond with plantar flexion
-indicates an upper motor neuron lesion
Elevated gamma globulin from a spinal tap indicates? - Answer-multiple sclerosis
monocular vision loss indicates a lesion where? - Answer-lesion in the anterior optic
chasm
Which test is used to detect bony defects? - Answer-XRAY
Which test is best for examining tissues/tissue functioning? - Answer-MRI
Which test is best for seeing tumors, hemorrhages, vascular
abnormalities, abscesses, and ventricular dilation? - Answer-CT
Which test requires fluid to be extracted from the lumbar cistern of the spinal canal and
subjected to various analyses? - Answer-spinal tap
Which test can reveal whether blood vessels are displaced (as may occur with tumors
or hemorrhage), of abnormal pattern (as occurs in certain tumors, arteriovenous
malformations, and aneurysms), occluded, or leaking? - Answer-angio
Which test has liquid contrast material is injected directly into the lumbar subarachnoid
space, and can detect abnormalities of the spinal cord, intervertebral discs, or brain
stem? - Answer-myelography
--gradually being replaced by MRI
Which test measures electrical activity in the brain, and what does it diagnose? -
Answer-EEG
-used to diagnose epilepsy
What test is used to investigate dementias and certain cerebrovascular diseases and
brain tumors, localize epileptic lesions, and helps distinguish differences between
(Alzheimer's, dementia, brain tumors, Parkinson's, Early stages off Huntington's,
cancer, heart disease, seizures)? - Answer-Positive Emission Tomography (PET)
Single Photon Emission
Computed Tomography
(SPECT)
· Micropsia, macropsia, metamorphopsia, d.j. vu, jamais vu, forced thoughts or
emotions, depersonalization/derealization, autoscopy (out of body experience),
