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BCHM 270 Diseases Test with Questions Solved 100% Correct |Verified Solutions
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BCHM 270 Diseases Test withQuestions Solved 100% Correct
|Verified Solutions
Ketoacidosis - Answer Biochemistry:Occurs in uncontrolled Type I diabetes
mellitus. In the absence of insulin, fats are released and cannot absorb glucose.
The liver overproduces ketone bodies as a result. These ketone bodies are acidic,
which results in severe metabolic acidosis.
Symptoms: Blood levels of ketone bodies increase. High acetone levels lead to
fruity odor on the breath. Excretion of glucose and ketone bodies in the urine
results in dehydration fo the body. Acidic ketone bodies lower blood pH, which
results in coma and death if untreated.
Hypercholesteremia - Answer Biochemistry: Body cholesterol increases
Treatment: Statins
Artherosclerosis - Answer Biochemistry: Oxidized LDL leads to development
of macrophage from fatty cells and fatty plaques
Cholelithiasis / Gallstone Disease - Answer Biochemistry: Cholesterol
forms gallstones due to insufficient bile salts
Treatment: Surgical removal of the gall bladder or chenodeoxycholic
acid supplements used to dissolve gallstones
, Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Type II Hyperlipidemia - Answer Biochemistry: Lack of LDL receptor
or overproduction of cholesterol leads to cardiovascular disease
Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency
Type I Hyperlipidemia - Answer Biochemistry: Genetic mutations. which
prevent the synthesis of lipoprotein lipase, preventing the breakdown of TAGs
in chylomicrons.
Hypertriacylglycerolemia - Answer Biochemistry: Lipoprotein lipase of Apo C-
II deficiency prevents breakdown of TAG
Acute Pancreatitis - Answer Biochemistry: Obstruction o the pancreatic ducts,
blocking secretions. The zymogens are converted into their active forms and
attack the tissue
Cystinuria - Answer Biochemistry: Defective transporter for basic amino
acids including arginine, cystine, ornithine and lysine. These amino acids
cannot be reabsorbed in the kidney and are excreted in the urnie
Hyperammonemia - Answer Biochemistry: Genetic defects of the urea cycle
(carbamoyl phosphate synthase I) or diseases of the liver. Cause the capacity of
the hepatic urea cycle to be far less than normal rates of ammonia generation.
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) - Answer Biochemistry: Deficiency of
branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase, which causes elevated levels of
branched-chain ammino acids (isoleucine, valine and leucine) and their a-
keto acids in the blood and urine
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