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BMSC207 - Modules 11 Test with Questions Solved with 100% Correct Answers
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BMSC207 - Modules 11 Test with Questions Solved with 100% Correct Answers
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BMSC207 - Modules 11 Test withQuestions Solved with 100% Correct
Answers
what does Phosphorylation of SERCA (PLN) increase? - Answer the speed of Ca
re-uptake which increases Ca storage
what does increasing sarcomere length increase? - Answer force of contraction
(stroke volume) and the Ca sensitivity of the myofilaments
what increases the probability of cross-bridge cycling? - Answer a stretched sarcomere
has a decreased diameter which may reduce the distance that Ca needs to diffuse
what does raising sarcomere length do? - Answer puts additional tension on stretch-
activated Ca channels, increasing Ca entry from extracellular space and increasing
Ca induced Ca release increasing tension
what does the amount of force developed by the cardiac muscle of a ventricle depend
on? - Answer depends on the initial stretch of the ventricle walls (caused by
ventricular filling)
what is the preload on the heart? - Answer the degree of myocardial stretch prior
to contraction
according to frank-starling law, what increases as the stroke volume increas? - Answer
the end-diastolic volume
, what is EDV determined by? - Answer venous return
what does a increased venous return increase? - Answer increases venous
pressure resulting in increased atrial filling leading to increased ventricle filling
what does the skeletal muscle pump do? - Answer skeletal muscle activity
compresses veins in the extremities pushing blood back to the heart
what can an increased muscle activity of the extremities increase? - Answer the
venous return
what are three factors that affect the venous return? - Answer - skeletal muscle pump
- respiratory pump
- sympathetic constriction of veins
what does the respiratory pump do? - Answer during inspiration the chest expands
and diaphragm moves down creating a subatmospheric pressure in the thoracic cavity,
this draws blood into the vena cava that exist within this cavity
what does sympathetic constriction of veins do? - Answer decreases their
volume squeezing blood back towards that heart
what is the afterload? - Answer it is the end load against which the heart contracts
to eject blood
how is the afterload primarily determined? - Answer by the combination of the EDV
and the pressure in the outflow artery prior to contraction (aorta or pulmonary artery)
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