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GMS 6474 Final Exam with Questions solved 100%
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GMS 6474 Final Exam withQuestions solved 100%
what protein is responsible for in participating in the bipolar arrangement and packing into sarcomere? -
✔✔Myomicin C protein
Which protein holds the myosin heads together, instead of leaving them in space? - ✔✔titin
(attaches myosin to z disc)
thin filament is what? - ✔✔actin
heavy chains of myosin are going to act upon what? - ✔✔THE ACTIN!
G actin vs F actin? - ✔✔Glomerular vs filamentous
What protein strand hides the active site on the actin? - ✔✔Tropomyosin
Which part of troponin is acted upon Ca? - ✔✔C
which two proteins anchor the thin filament to the Z-disc? - ✔✔1. alpha-actinin
2. capZ
,Z disc is made up of which two proteins - ✔✔alpha actinin and CapZ
Which component attaches the sarcolemma to the outside filaments/collagen? -
✔✔Dystrophin Associated Complex
_________ links the DAC with the extracellular matrix? - ✔✔Laminin-2
(attaches to alpha/beta dystroglycans)
a,b,g,d sarcoglycans are inside of the sarcolemma and are held together by what? - ✔✔sarcospan
Dystrophin anchors actin on what terminus? - ✔✔N'
C' terminus anchors what? - ✔✔nNOS to border of sarcolemma
Desmin is imp for what? - ✔✔connects outside to inside
Lecture 4 - ✔✔
Motor neurons that innervate the same muscle fiber will have the same ___ and ____? -
✔✔metabolic, contractile phenotypes
True/False: The muscle side of the neuromuscular junction is highly folded - ✔✔TRUE!
Ach diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to ______ receptors? - ✔✔nicotinic
what happens when Ach binds to these ligand-gated receptors? - ✔✔Na+ and K+
permeability increases!
,----> End plate potential occurs
true/false: the end-plate potential is stationary so it will only stay w/i the NM junction? - ✔✔TRUE!
what happens when end-late potential occurs? - ✔✔fires AP on either side and voltage
gated channels open to propagate a moving AP
which one is bigger, EP or AP? - ✔✔Action potential! (end plate is too small)
Action potential is blocked by ____ and not influenced by ______ - ✔✔1. tetrodotoxin
2. curare
is this the same for EP? - ✔✔NO! it is opposite!!!
in an EPP, is there a falling phase? - ✔✔Yes but not because of increase in K permeability but bc
there will be no Ach due to the Ach-ase
Once the AP moves along the sarcolemma and hits the T-Tubule and then reaches the Triad, what
happens? - ✔✔A voltage sensitive Dihydropyridine receptors (DHPR) is activated and then opens
the ryanodine receptor (RyR).
What releases the Ca into the SR? - ✔✔RyR!!!!
What type of channel is DHPR? - ✔✔L-type!
an anesthesia, halothane, does what? - ✔✔leaks across muscles and directly binds to RyR and
releases Ca uncontrollably. This was the leading cause of death in the ER bc of malignant
hypothermia causing sustained contractures increasing temperature
True/false: Troponin C has two Ca binding sites but can also bind mg at rest? - ✔✔TRUE!
, Lecture 2 - ✔✔
Muscles can either be ____ or ____? - ✔✔1. Voluntary
2. Involuntary
What is one question to ask when comparing voluntary to involuntary muscles? - ✔✔How is the
underlying tissue metabolized?
Cardiac functional syncytial vs smooth muscle functional syncytial? - ✔✔Cardiac - pacemaker
cells cause contractions
Smooth - vasodilation/vasoconstriction
True/False: Smooth muscle has striations? - ✔✔FALSE!
what two factors determine the force production at the sarcomere level? - ✔✔If they are arranged in
parallel or series!
True/False: skeletal muscle cells contain many nuclei and very long - ✔✔TRUE!
Myofibrils are responsible for what 3 things? - ✔✔1. tension generation
2. force production
3. shortening of muscle
What is a sarcomere? - ✔✔Basic unit of muscle that extends from Z-disc to Z-disc
Sliding filament theory? - ✔✔The thick/thin filaments do not change but the overlap does!
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