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HBIO 205 Midterm Test |Questions with Complete Solutions
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HBIO 205 Midterm Test |Questions withComplete Solutions
ADS - ✔Anatomical Dead Space; places where no gas exchange occurs. 1 lb of body
weight= 1mL of ADS
PDS - ✔Physiological Dead Space; PDS = ADS + unused alveoli; this applies when a disease
is causing trouble (Emphysema).
PDS = ADS for most people
Lung Volume - ✔-Vital capacity (VC)- Maximum volume of air expired (decreases w/
age) -Residual lung volume (RLV)- volume remaining in lungs *TLC= VC + RLV
In young healthy subjects; VC = 80%: RLV=20%
Ventilation - ✔VE (L/m)= TV(L/b) x RR(b/m)
Tidal Volume: the amount of air you take in per breath.
Respiratory Rate
Alveolar Ventilation - ✔Actual amount of fresh air that goes into alveoli.
Basically, it is more effective to breath deeper and less frequently.
VE (alv.) = VE - (ADS x RR)
Obstructive Diseases - ✔Volume is usually normal.
Ability to expire/inspire rapidly is decreased.
, Ex- Most healthy people can expire 90% of VC in 3-4 seconds. Someone with COPD might not be
able to expire ~50% of VC in 3 seconds.
Restrictive Diseases - ✔Lower VC, main disease is emphysema.
Eventually the person's VC goes down, residual lung capacity increases. They can't Ventilate
enough air.
can get as low as the persons dead space
Resting VE - ✔-10-20 Liters/min.
-When exercising, demand can go up to 100-200 Liters/min.
What is the determinant for maximal VE in an individual? - ✔VC
Gas Exchange - ✔This happens based on pressure gradient.
+ pressure goes to - pressure.
This is why CO2 leaves the cells while O2 goes in.O2 is highest in ambient air and CO2 is
highest in the cell!
Atmosphere - ✔N2= 79.04%
Consumed O2 = 20.93%
CO2= 0.03%
Partial Pressure - ✔@ Sea level= 760 mmHg
* % of gas x BP=
PO2 EX:
At SL, Oxygen = .2093 x 760 = 159 mmHg (Ambient)
Gas Diffusion - ✔PO2 ambient = 159 mmHg
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