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NUR 641E FINAL EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ADVANCED FOR THE NURSE EDUCATOR (GUARANTEED PASS)
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NUR 641E FINAL EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ADVANCED FOR THE NURSE EDUCATOR (GUARANTEED PASS)
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NUR 641E FINAL EXAM 2024NUR 641E FINAL EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS/ADVANCED FOR THE NURSE
EDUCATOR (GUARANTEED PASS)
Pharmacokinetics involves
absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination).
Absorption:
absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly into the blood/plasma.
Distribution:
reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the interstitial and intracellular
Metabolism:
biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other tissues.
Elimination:
tissues. lastly, the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body.
,NUR 641E FINAL EXAM 2024
route of administration with the highest bioavailability
intravenous; putting entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing absorption.
avoids first-pass metabolism
Intravenous route
administration has variable and erratic absorption. n
Rectal administration
4. Steady state (SS)
absorption. n is usually reached within 4-5 half-lives of drug.
Half-life of a drug is
how long it takes for half the drug to be excreted from the body. Determines how frequently the
drug must be administered. Predicts how long toxic effects can last.is constant with first-order
pharmacokinetics of a drug.
Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics
means a drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time.
,NUR 641E FINAL EXAM 2024
CYP3A4 substrate drugs
may have enhanced activity if any CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it.
Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA:
Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drug. Preclinical research with animal testing
for safety (Phase I). Clinical research on human subjects for medication safety (Phase II).
Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accepted medications placebo depending
on the study (Phase III). FDA review of the results to determine approval. Post marketing study
to identify adverse effects not found in earlier clinical studies (Phase IV)
2. Medication safety organizations
The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) The Institute of Medicine (IOM) The Joint
Commission The National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention
(NCC MERP) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
Two basic type of ADRS:
pharmacological and idiosyncratic.
85% to 90% of ADRS
are pharmacological.
Adverse drug reactions are usually preventable,
, NUR 641E FINAL EXAM 2024
frequently occur in a hospital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors, adverse
drug effects, and allergic idiosyncratic type reactions.
ADRS are not commonly reported;
the FDA does not mandate that ADRS be reported.
Polypharmacy
involves using multiple health care providers for care, using multiple medications, and using
several pharmacies prescription filling.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIS):
lisinopril, captopril, enalapril, ramipril, benazepril, fosinopril.
ACEIS reduce blood pressure enzyme.
by suppressing the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme.
Important side effects of ACE inhibitors
Important include cough and angioedema; discontinue the ACEI if angioedema occurs.
Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents (ARBS):
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