NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology a- a- a- a-
GI Exam 5 with Verified Answers.
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Appendicitis Inflammation of the appendix usually in persons 10-19.
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S&S: periumbilical pain, RLQ pain, nvd, anorexia. Pain may initially be
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epigastric or periumbilical then settle in RLQ. Perforation, peritonitis and
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abscess formation are all potential complications
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UC S&S a- recurrent diarrhea, bloody stools, febrile, polyarthritis, uveitis,
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sclerosing cholangitis, erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum
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UC complications
a- fissures, hemorrhoids, perirectal abscess, toxic a-a- a- a- a- a- a- a-
megacolon, colon perforation, and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Increased
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risk of VTE and microthrombi, and colon cancer
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Crohn's disease Chronic inflammatory disorders that can affect any
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portion of the GI tract but most often in the ileum and proximal colon.
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Affects persons in their 20-30s and of jewish decent. CARD15/NOD2 gene
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mutation commonly associated. a- a-
Motility diarrhea AKA short bowel syndrome. Results from resection
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of small intestine or surgical bypass of small intestine, IBS, diabetic
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neuropathy, hyperthyroidism, and laxative abuse. Fatty stools and
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bloating are common in malabsorption syndrome. Complications include:
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dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, weight loss and
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malabsorption.
, Upper GI bleed
a- bleeding that occurs in the esophagus, stomach or
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duodenum commonly caused by bleeding varices, peptic ulcers or
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Mallory-Weiss tear(tearing of esophagus from stomach) Characterized by
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frank, bright red or coffee ground emesis.
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Lower GI bleed
a- Bleeding in the jejunum, ileum, colon or rectum from
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inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, diverticula or hemorrhoids.
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Hematochezia, or the presence of bright red blood in the stools, suggest
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what kind of bleed
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Peptic Ulcer Disease
a- Is a break in the integrity of the mucosa of the
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esophagus, stomach or duodenum resulting in exposure of the tissue to
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gastric acid. Risk factors include smoking, advanced age, NSAID use,
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ETOH, chronic disease, acute pancreatitis, COPD, obesity, socioeconomic
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status, gastrinoma, and infection with Helicobacter pylori. S&S: Epigastric
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pain is worse with eating, melena or hematemesis
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Duodenal ulcers most common and tend to develop in younger
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patients. S&S: epigastric pain that is relieved by food. Patients may have
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melena(black and tarry stool) or hematemesis a- a- a- a- a-
Ulcerative colitis (UC) Inflammatory disease of the large instestine in
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persons 20-40y/o. Less common in people who smoke. Has periods of
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remission and exacerbations. Characterized by inflammation and
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ulcerations that remain superficial and in the small intestine.
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