Exam (elaborations)
BIOS 256: week 5 Questions and Answers 100% Solved
- Course
- Institution
BIOS 256: week 5 Questions and Answers 100% Solved
[Show more]
Content preview
BIOS 256: week 5 Questions and Answers 100% Solvedfluid compartments Correct Ans-- fluid continually exchange between compartments
> intracellular and extracellular osmolarity are equal
- osmosis from one fluid compartment to another is determined by the relative
concentrations of solutes in each compartment
> most solute particles are electrolytes
- sodium salts in ECF
- potassium salts in ICF
- electrolytes play the principle role in governing the body's water distribution and total water
content
> electrolytes determine where water goes
> wherever electrolytes go - water will follow
water gain and loss Correct Ans-- fluid balance
> daily gains and losses are equal (about 2,500 mL/day)
, BIOS 256: week 5 Questions and Answers 100% Solved
- gains come from two sources
> preformed water (2,300 mL/day)
- ingested in food (700 mL/day) and drink (1,600 mL/day)
> metabolic water (200 mL/day)
- formed by aerobic metabolism and dehydration synthesis
- C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ---> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
- sensible water loss is observable
> 1,500 mL/day is in urine
> 200 mL/day is in feces
> 100 mL/day is sweat in resting adult
- insensible water loss is unnoticed
> 300 mL/day in expired breath
> 400 mL/day is cutaneous transpiration
> loss varies greatly with environment and activity
- obligatory water loss
, BIOS 256: week 5 Questions and Answers 100% Solved
> output that is relatively unavoidable
> expired air, cutaneous transpiration, sweat, fecal moisture, and minimum urine output (400
mL/day)
regulation of fluid intake Correct Ans-- dehydration
> reduces blood volume and blood pressure
> increases blood osmolarity
- osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
> respond when BP drops
> respond to rise in osmolarity of ECF (too many solutes and not enough water)
- hypothalamus produces antidiuretic hormone
> promotes water conservation (negative feedback loop)
- cerebral cortex produces conscious sense of thirst
> intense sense of thirst with 2% to 3% increase in plasma osmolarity or 10% to 15% blood
loss
, BIOS 256: week 5 Questions and Answers 100% Solved
> thirst mainly governs fluid intake
- long-term inhibition of thirst
> absorption of water from small intestine reduces osmolarity of blood
- short-term inhibition of thirst
> cooling and moistening of mouth quenches thirst
> distension of stomach and small intestine (stretches with water)
> short-term response designed to prevent overdrinking
regulation of fluid output Correct Ans-- only way to control water output significantly is
through variation in urine volume
> kidneys cannot replace water or electrolytes
> can only slow rate of water and electrolytes loss until water and electrolytes can be
ingested
- control mechanisms of water output
> changes in urine volume linked to adjustments in Na+ reabsorption
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller GOLDTUTORS. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73314 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now