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American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam Solved 2024
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American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam Solved 2024
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American Board of Surgery QualifyingExam Solved 2024
11-OH deficiency - ANSWER-HTN, high 11 deoxycortisone
Virilizatin, precocious puberty
1st degree burn - ANSWER-epidermis, redness
1st or 2nd rib Fx - ANSWER-Aortic transection
21-OH deficiency - ANSWER-HypoNA, HyperK, high 17 progesterone
Virilizatin, precocious puberty
2nd degree burn, deep - ANSWER-painless, loss of hair
needs skin graft
2nd degree burn, superficial - ANSWER-painful, blisters, intact hair, blanches
no need for skin graft
2nd most common cause of death in US - ANSWER-Cancer
3rd degree burn - ANSWER-leathery, charred, down to subQ tissue
4th degree burn - ANSWER-bowen to bone, musce, fat
5-FU MOA - ANSWER-inhibits thymidylate synthase
6.25 grams of protein - ANSWER-1g of nitrogen
A Left shift in Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve - ANSWER-Increase O2 affinity,
decrease O2 offloading
Low PCO2
High PH
Low temp
Low DPG
Low PO4
ABI < 0.9 - ANSWER-Claudication
ABI <0.3 - ANSWER-gangrene
ABI <0.4 - ANSWER-tissue loss
,ABI <0.5 - ANSWER-Rest pain
accelerated rejection - ANSWER-Senstitzed T cells to donor HLA
Tx increase immunosuppression, steroids
ACE - ANSWER-in lung
Converts angio 1 to angio 2
Acral lentiginous melanoma - ANSWER-African, palms/soles
Active infection - ANSWER-HBsAg +
HBsAb -
HBcAb +
Acute rejection - ANSWER-Cellular - T cell
Humoral - B cell/Ab mediated (Plasmapheresis, IVIG, Rituximab anti CD20)
Addison's disease - ANSWER-occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough
of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone
Adenoid cystic CA - ANSWER-#2 malignant tumor of the salivary gland
Tx, total parotidectomy, MRND, XRT
adenoma - ANSWER-0 - isointense, homogenous
arterial - rapid enhancement
portal - rapid washout
venous - isointense
ADH - ANSWER-Posterior pit
High osmolality
Acts on CD for water resorption
Vasoconstrction
Adrenal Shock - ANSWER-Decreased CVP
Decreased PCWP
Decreased CO
Decreased SVR
Albumin <3.0 - ANSWER-Strongest risk factor for morbidity and mortality after surgery
Albumin half life - ANSWER-18 days
Aldosterone - ANSWER-Acts on DCT
Reabsorbs water
Up-reg Na/K APT ase
,Alpha 1 receptor - ANSWER-vascular smooth muscle
vasoconstriction
Alpha 2 receptor - ANSWER-venous smooth muscle vasoconstriction
Amsterdam Criteria - ANSWER-3 - or more relatives with HNPCC asso. cancers
2 - or more affected generations
1 - FDR of the other two
*FAP exclude
Angio 2 - ANSWER-Vasoconstriction
Inhibits renin
ANOVA - ANSWER-Normal, continuous data, more than 2 groups
Anterior hip dislocation - ANSWER-Femoral artery
Anterior medistinal tumor - ANSWER-#1 thymoma
Thyroid CA, goiter
T cell lymphoma
Teratoma
ParaThyroid adenoma
Anterior shoulder dislocation - ANSWER-Axillary nerve
Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) MOA - ANSWER-MOA: Anti-thymocyte antibodies.
Polyclonal antibodies which appears to cause immunosuppression by acting on T-cell
surface antigens and depleting CD4+ lymphocytes.
Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) side effects - ANSWER-Cytokine release syndrome
Aortic transection - ANSWER-Covered stent graft
Left thoracotomy
Apnea test - ANSWER-Pre-O2, normal CO2 before hand
10 min
Increase of CO2 >60 mmHg or by 20 mmHg is +
If BP drops <90mmHg or desaturates <85% then -
ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) - ANSWER-Acute onset
B/L pulmonary infiltrates
PaO2/FiO2 <300
No heart failiure, wedge pressure <18
Arginine - ANSWER-NO synthase substrate
, Ascertainment bias - ANSWER-Bias that occurs due to differences in assessing or
analyzing outcomes by the researcher due to awareness of which participants received
the active versus control interventions.
ascorbic acid deficiency - ANSWER-Scruvy, poor wound healing
Bare metal stent - ANSWER-3 mos ASA + plavix
ASA forever
Basal cell carcinoma - ANSWER-Pearly, rolled
Peripheral palisading nuclei
Stromal retraction
Basophils - ANSWER-Main source of histamine in blood
battle sign - ANSWER-middle fossa fracture
injury to facial nerve, CN 7
Beta 1 receptor - ANSWER-myocardial contraction and rate
Beta 2 receptor - ANSWER-relaxes smooth muscle such as bronchioles and some
vessels
BIRADS 1 - ANSWER-Negative; mammogram in 1 year
BIRADS 2 - ANSWER-Benign finding; mammogram in 1 year
BIRADS 3 - ANSWER-Probably Benign; short-term follow up suggested
BIRADS 4 - ANSWER-Suspicious abnormality; biopsy should be considered
4a - 15%
4b - 35%
4c - 80%
BIRADS 5 - ANSWER-highly suggestive of malignancy - biopsy or surgery should be
performed
Bleomycin - ANSWER-pulmonary fibrosis
Bone metastases - ANSWER-#1 breast, prostate next
Bradford Hill Criteria - ANSWER-strength, consistency, specificity, temporality,
biological gradient, plausibility, coherence, experiment, analogy
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