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NURO 670 Midterm - Electrolytes Exam Study Guide
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NURO 670 Midterm - Electrolytes Exam Study Guide
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NURO 670 Midterm -Electrolytes Exam Study Guide
calcium function - Answer -nerve impulse transmission
-cardiac contraction/electrophysiology
-coagulation ( all steps)
-bone formation
-exocrine function
serum vs ionized ca. differences? - Answer ionized = 50% of total
serum ca = protein bound = INACTIVE. 40%
10% are chelated w/ anions (citrate, phos, etc)
calcium regulated by??? (4) - Answer -parathyroid - increase serum ca
-calcitrol - absorption/reabsorption of ca
-Vit D - needed to prod PTH
-calcitonin - secreted in high ca to decrease ca
parathyroid fxn - Answer kidneys - increase reabsorption of ca
bone - increase breakdown to increase ca
GI - increase absorption
calcitonin fxn - Answer kidneys - increase excretion of ca
bone - decrease breakdown, increase rebuilding to decrease ca
GI - no effect
Vit D fxn (activated by kidneys) - Answer kidneys - increase reabsorption
bone - activates PTH in bone
GI - increase absorption of ca
when to use total Ca and ionized Ca? - Answer hyperCa - total Ca measured is ok.
hypoCa - use only ionized, more accurate
, does albumin alter ca levels? - Answer yes. hyper/hypo can alter ca levels.
formula:
corrected Ca = serum Ca + 0.8(normal albumin - pt albumin)
hypercalcemia causes... (2) - Answer 2 common causes: hyperPTH and malignancies
primary hyperPTH - usually mild hyperCa <11
malignancy r/t hyperCa - usually hyperCa >13
parathyroid mediated hyperCa causes (4) - Answer -primary hyperPTH
-multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes
-familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
-tertiary hyperPTH - renal failure
non-parathyroid mediated hyperCa causes (3) - Answer -hyperCa of pregnancy
-Vit D intox
-meds: thiazides, lithium, theophylline tox
hyperCa s/s - mild <12 - Answer could be asymptomatic
constipation
fatigue
depression
hyperCa s/s - moderate 12-14 - Answer poly-uria, -dipsia
anorexia
n/v
muscle wkness
changes in sensation
hyperCa s/s - severe >14 - Answer stupor, coma
all the "moderate" s/s - wkness, n/v, anorexia, polyuria/dipsia, changes in sensation
stones, bones, groans, emotional overtones?? for what? - Answer hypercalcemia s/s!!
-kidney STONES, nephrogenic DI
-BONE pain, wkness, fracture w/ impaired healing
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