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Year 11 Human Biology ATAR fully solved graded A+
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Year 11 Human Biology ATAR fully solved graded A+
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Year 11 Human Biology ATARMetabolism - correct answer ✔✔The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
Catabolism - correct answer ✔✔Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
Anabolism - correct answer ✔✔Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.
Cellular Respiration Equation - correct answer ✔✔Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
energy
Enzyme - correct answer ✔✔A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction
Enzyme-substrate complex - correct answer ✔✔When an enzyme binds to its substrate
Active Site - correct answer ✔✔A region on an enzyme that binds to a substrate during a reaction.
Lock and Key Theory - correct answer ✔✔Enzyme's active site (lock) is already in appropriate
conformation for the substrate (key) to bind
Substrate easily fits into active site
Glycolosis - correct answer ✔✔Breaking glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate;
Creates a net total of 2 ATPs; anaerobic; occurs in cytosol
Krebs Cycle - correct answer ✔✔second stage of cellular respiration; occurs in mitochondria; pyruvate
molecules are turned into ATPs;Generates 2 ATPs; aerobic
,Electron Transport Chain - correct answer ✔✔Uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to
convert ADP into ATP; aerobic; Generates 34 ATPs
Epithilial tissue - correct answer ✔✔Tissue composed of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ
surfaces; e.g. skin
Connective Tissue - correct answer ✔✔A tissue that provides support for the body and connects its
parts; e.g. blood, cartilage
Muscular Tissue - correct answer ✔✔Long thin tissue that contracts to create movement; e.g. cardiac
muscle, skeletal muscle
Nervous Tissue - correct answer ✔✔Tissue that carries info between the brain and other parts of the
body; e.g. neurones
Lungs - correct answer ✔✔Two organs, located in the thoracic cavity responsible for breathing
Nasal Cavity - correct answer ✔✔hollow space behind the nose; filters and warms air
Pharynx - correct answer ✔✔throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
Larynx - correct answer ✔✔passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords
Pleural Membrane - correct answer ✔✔membrane that encloses the lungs within the rib cage
Epiglottis - correct answer ✔✔A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from
entering.
Trachea - correct answer ✔✔Allows air to pass to and from lungs
Ribs - correct answer ✔✔The bones in the chest that protect the heart and lungs.
, Bronchi - correct answer ✔✔The passages that direct air into the lungs
Intercostal Muscles - correct answer ✔✔Muscles which move the rib cage during breathing
Cell Membrane - correct answer ✔✔A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave
the cell.
Alveoli - correct answer ✔✔small sacs within the lungs where gas exchange takes place with the
bloodstream
Gas Exchange - correct answer ✔✔The uptake of molecular oxygen from the environment and the
discharge of carbon dioxide to the environment; occurs in alveoli
Alveoli Adaptations - correct answer ✔✔→moist lining
→good blood supply
→very thin walls
→enormous surface area
Blood - correct answer ✔✔Connective tissue made of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
Erythrocytes - correct answer ✔✔red blood cells; carry oxygen; is biconcave and contains no nucleus to
carry more oxygen
Leukocytes - correct answer ✔✔white blood cells; fight infection
Thrombocytes - correct answer ✔✔platelets; forms blood clots
Plasma - correct answer ✔✔Liquid part of blood; carries nutrients, wastes and bicarbonate (which
carries the bulk of Carbon Dioxide)
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