WGU D115 Final Exam | Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam | 100+ Questions
and Answers with Rationale | 2024/2025
A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his
grandmother. She informs the staff that she is her grandson's
guardian and that he is breathing heavily and smells funny.
Laboratory tests confirm that the child is in DKA. During DKA,
insulin counterregulatory hormones, such as catecholamines and
cortisol, increase. Profound insulin deficiency results in:
A) Decreased fat mobilization
B) Activation of glucose forming pathways in the liver
C) Increased glucose uptake
D) Activation of bicarbonate buffering
- Correct Answer - B) Activation of glucose forming pathways in
the liver
Rationale: profound insulin deficiency results in decreased
glucose uptake, increased fat mobilization with release of fatty
acids, and accelerated gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis.
Increased glucagon levels also contribute to activation of the
glucose-forming and ketone forming pathways in the liver.
,While her grandson is in the hospital, the 60-year-old
grandmother has been drinking coffee in an attempt to stay
awake at the bedside. She begins to complain of a severe
headache. She informs the staff that the headache is usually
related to an increase in her blood pressure. Although she has
been prescribed a medication and has been taking it regularly,
she continues to have issues. She is sweating and feels her heart
racing. She is transported to the emergency department. She
undergoes a barrage of tests and, 2 days later, her physician is
ready to discuss her diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Her
symptoms are caused by an excessive production of
A) Norepinephrine
B) Cortisol
C) Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs)
D) Growth hormone
- Correct Answer - A) Norepinephrine
Rationale: Symptoms associated with pheochromocytoma occur
due to the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine.
Which statement is true regarding the thyroid hormone and the
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
A) TSH secretion is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone
B) TSH secretion is controlled by positive feedback.
,C) Decreased anterior pituitary release of TSH stimulates its
secretion.
D) TSH is secreted in excess when stimulated by thyroxine (T4). -
Correct Answer - A) TSH secretion is regulated by thyrotropin-
releasing hormone
Rationale: TH production is controlled by a complex mechanism
of positive and negative regulation. Hypothalamic TSH-releasing
hormone (TRH) stimulates TSH secretion from the anterior
pituitary. TSH then initiates TH synthesis and release from the
thyroid gland.
Obvious changes in cell function that are the result of stimulation
by a particular hormone describe which factor?
A) Up-regulation
B) Down-regulation
C) Direct effects
D) Permissive effects - Correct Answer - C) Direct effects
Rationale: Direct effects are the obvious changes in cell function
that specifically result from stimulation by a particular hormone.
Permissive effects are less obvious hormone-induced changes
that facilitate the response or functioning of a cell. Low
concentrations of hormone increase the number of receptors per
, cell, called upregulation. High concentrations of hormone
decrease the number of receptors, called downregulation.
When an individual experiences nausea, vomiting, fatigue,
anorexia, weakness, and hypotension, which hormone deficiency
is the most likely cause?
A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH) - Correct Answer - B)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
ACTH deficiency can either be congenital or acquired/ Symptoms
include weight loss, anorexia, muscle weakness, nausea and
vomiting, and hypotension.
Which is a symptom of Grave's Disease?
A) Lid lag
B) Lethargy
C) Cool, moist skin
D) Decreased sympathetic response - Correct Answer - A) Lid
lag
Symptoms of Graves' disease include anxiety, hand tremor, heat
sensitivity, weight loss, puffy eyes, lid lag, and enlarged thyroid.
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