Final Exam Review Nurs 548 Advanced
Pathophysiology
Name the characteristics of acute Rhinosinusitis - correct answer 1. facial pain
2. headache
3. purulent nasal discharge
4. decreased sense of smell
5. fever
Name the characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis homins - correct answer 1. Aerobic
2. Have a protective waxy capsule
3. Can stay alive in "suspended animation" for years
Miliary TB - correct answer Minute lesions, resembling millet seeds, resulting from tuberculosis
eroding into the blood vessel, disseminating the area affecting almost any organ, particularly
the brain, meninges, liver, kidney, and bone marrow.
Meat inspection and milk Pasteurization were introduced to protect the food supply.
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome - correct answer 1. Lack of surfactant; infants are not
strong enough to inflate their alveoli
2. Protein-rich fluid leaks into the alveoli and further blocks oxygen uptake
3. Treatment with mechanical ventilation may lead to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and chronic
respiratory insufficiency
Atelectasis - correct answer Incomplete expansion of the lung or portion of the lung
Pneumothorax - correct answer 1. air enters the pleural cavity
2. Air takes up space, restricting lung expansion
3. Partial or complete collapse of the affected lung
Spontaneous Pneumothorax - correct answer An air-filled blister on the lung that ruptures
Traumatic Pneumothorax- Open - correct answer Air enters the pleural cavity through the
wound on inhalation and leaves on exhalation
Traumatic Tension Pneumothorax - correct answer Air enters the pleural cavity through the
wound on inhalation but cannot leave on exhalation
Name the causes of Intrinsic (Nonatopic) Asthma - correct answer 1. Respiratory Infections-
epithelial damage, IgE production
, Final Exam Review Nurs 548 Advanced
Pathophysiology
2. Exercise, hyperventilation, cold air- loss of heat and water may cause bronchospasm
3. Inhaled Irritants- inflammation, vagal reflex
4. Aspirin and other NSAIDS- abnormal arachidonic acid metabolism
Characteristics of Bronchiectasis - correct answer Infection and inflammation destroy smooth
muscle in airways, causing permanent damage
A manifestation of chronic bronchitis not typically seen in this type of patient - correct answer
Cor Pulmonale
Manifestations seen in Hypercapnia - correct answer 1. Increased Respiration
2. Decreased Nerve Firing- carbon dioxide narcosis, disorientation, somnolence, coma
3. Decreased muscle contraction
UTI in special populations- Women - correct answer More common in women than men, peak
ages 15-24 yr olds
Pregnant women at increased risk for UTIs
UTI in special populations- Children - correct answer Common in young children
Often involve pyelonephritits
UTI in special populations- Elderly - correct answer Relatively common
2nd most common form of infection, after respiratory infections, among healthy community-
dwelling elderly
Nephrotic syndrome - correct answer Increased permeability of glomerulus
Cardiovascular Consequences of CRF - correct answer 1. Decreased blood viscosity
2. Increased blood pressure
3. Decreased oxygen supply
Cardiovascular Consequences of Chronic Renal Failure - correct answer Less erythropoietin
causes anemia->lower blood viscosity-> blood flows through vessels more swiftly-> heart rate
increases-> increased workload on left heart-> left ventricle dilation and hypertrophy->not
enough oxygen to support LV contraction-> causing angina, ischemia, & LHF
Neurogenic Bladder Disorders- Flaccid Bladder - correct answer Failure to empty urine
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