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Summary AQA GCSE Geography Glossary - Key Terms and Definitions

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AQA GCSE GEOGRAPHY GLOSSARY

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AQA GCSE GEOGRAPHY GLOSSARY

Master AQA GCSE Geography with this comprehensive glossary! This resource provides clear and concise definitions for all the key terms you need to know, covering physical, human, and environmental geography, as well as geographical skills and case studies. Key Features: Over 100 essential ter...

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aqa gcse geography glossary key terms definit

Institution AQA GCSE GEOGRAPHY GLOSSARY
Course AQA GCSE GEOGRAPHY GLOSSARY

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AQA GCSE Geography Glossary
1. Physical Geography

1. Abrasion: The process of rocks and sediments grinding against each other, causing them
to become smoother and smaller.
2. Arch: A natural rock formation created by wave erosion, forming a bridge-like structure.
3. Attrition: The wearing down of rocks and sediments as they collide with each other
during transportation.
4. Bay: A body of water partially enclosed by land, typically with a wide opening to the sea.
5. Cave: A natural underground chamber or cavity, often formed by the dissolution of
limestone rock.
6. Cliff: A steep, vertical or near-vertical rock face, often formed by coastal erosion.
7. Constructive wave: A type of wave that deposits more sediment than it erodes, building
up beaches and other coastal features.
8. Destructive wave: A type of wave that erodes more sediment than it deposits, often
causing coastal erosion and retreat.
9. Erosion: The process of wearing away and transporting rocks and sediments by natural
forces like water, wind, or ice.
10. Fetch: The distance over which wind blows to create waves.
11. Floodplain: A flat area of land next to a river, formed by the deposition of sediment
during floods.
12. Headland: A point of land that extends into the sea, often more resistant to erosion than
surrounding areas.
13. Hydraulic action: The force of water itself, causing erosion by compressing air in cracks
and crevices.
14. Levee: A natural or artificial embankment along a river, formed by the deposition of
sediment during floods.
15. Longshore drift: The movement of sediment along a coast, caused by waves
approaching the coast at an angle.
16. Meander: A bend in a river, formed by erosion on the outer bank and deposition on the
inner bank.
17. Oxbow lake: A crescent-shaped lake formed when a meander is cut off from the main
river channel.
18. Stack: A geological landform found on a coastline consisting of a steep and often vertical
column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast, formed by wave erosion.
19. Stump: A geological landform found on a coastline. It is a collapsed sea stack.
20. Wave-cut platform: A flat area of rock at the base of a cliff, formed by wave erosion.

2. Human Geography

21. Birth rate: The number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.
22. Brownfield site: Land that has been previously developed and is now derelict or
underused.
23. Central Business District (CBD): The commercial and economic heart of a city,
typically with high-rise buildings, offices, and shops.

, 24. Counter-urbanisation: The movement of people and businesses from urban areas to
rural or suburban areas.
25. Death rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.
26. Deindustrialisation: The decline of manufacturing industries in a region or country.
27. Dependency ratio: The ratio of the number of people who are too young or too old to
work, compared to the number of people of working age.
28. Development: The process of improving the quality of life in a country or region, often
measured by economic growth, social progress, and environmental sustainability.
29. Economic migrant: A person who moves to another country or region in search of better
economic opportunities.
30. Emigrant: A person who leaves their own country to settle permanently in another.
31. Globalisation: The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world's
economies, cultures, and societies.
32. Greenfield site: Land that has not been previously developed, often used for agriculture
or recreation.
33. Immigrant: A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country.
34. Infant mortality rate: The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live
births in a given year.
35. Informal sector: The part of the economy that is not regulated or taxed by the
government.
36. Life expectancy: The average number of years a person is expected to live at birth.
37. Megacity: A city with a population of over 10 million people.
38. Natural increase: The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a
population.
39. Pull factor: A positive aspect of a place that attracts people to move there.
40. Push factor: A negative aspect of a place that encourages people to leave.

3. Environmental Geography

41. Biodiversity: The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
42. Carbon footprint: The total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and
indirectly support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon
dioxide (CO2).
43. Climate change: Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a
place.
44. Conservation: The protection and preservation of natural resources and the environment.
45. Deforestation: The clearing or removal of trees and forests, often for agricultural or
development purposes.
46. Desertification: The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of
drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
47. Ecosystem: A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical
environment.
48. Enhanced greenhouse effect: The increased capacity of the atmosphere to trap heat due
to human activities, leading to global warming.
49. Fossil fuels: Non-renewable energy sources formed from the remains of ancient plants
and animals, including coal, oil, and natural gas.

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