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NUSC 3230 Final Test With Complete Solution
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NUSC 3230 Final Test WithComplete Solution
What is Health - Answer Feeling good, the absence of disease or pain
What is the health continuum - Answer A model that illustrates the full range of health
between the extreme of illness and wellness. Well, At risk, Established Disease,
Controlled chronic disease
Primary Prevention - Answer Preventing disease by controlling risk factors
Secondary Prevention - Answer Detecting disease early through screening etc.
Tertiary Prevention - Answer Treat and rehabilitate people who have illness or injury
Social Ecological Model - Answer individual, interpersonal, organizational, community,
structures policies and systems
Peoples interactions with surrounding environment- and their influence
Distinguish between community and public health nutrition - Answer Community-always
RD/LDN, target a community funded by federal government or a private group
Public Health- target a community by government agency whose mandate is to deliver
health service
Define Social and Economic trends in community nutrition - Answer An aging population
Increase in demands for nutrition and health services
Increase in diversity and emphasis on addressing health disparities
Obesity epidemic
Environment-eat local, global warming etc
Define the purpose and triggers for a community needs assessment - Answer Purpose:
To determine
- health and nutritional needs
- places where needs are not being met
- what can be done to improve these issues
Triggers:
,- need fore new data
- research findings
- raised awareness in community
- mandate from state/federal agency
7 Steps of community needs assessment - Answer 1. Identify data needs-Setting the
parameters
- define and know your community, set goals and objectives, have a stated purpose
2. Develop a data collection plan
- what do you want to collect?
3. Collect data
- survey, health risk appraisal, focus groups, screening, interviews with key informants
4. Analyze and Interpret Data
- enter into system, check for errors, compare to reference data
5. Share findings
-useful for others, prevents duplication
6. Set priorities
- higher priorities are those that are common and serious
7. Choose a plan of action
- use findings to change public policy, alter an existing program, develop a new one
3 Categories of Data - Answer Community- learn about the community(census data)
Community environment and background conditions- food systems, housing, policies
Target Population- health beliefs, lifestyle factors, motivation and priorities
Types of Direct Data Collection - Answer Anthropometry, Dietary Intake, Clinical
Assessment, Biochemical assessment
Anthropometry - Answer body composition, height, waist circumference, limb
proportions
- skin fold, bioelectrical impedence, underwater weighing, DEXA
Biochemical Assessment - Answer Blood, urine, stool samples
, Clinical Assessment - Answer detailed history, physical exam, signs and symptoms
Dietary Assessment - Answer 24 hour recall, frequency questionnaire, diet history, food
diary
Issues in Data Collection - Answer Practical Issues- money, time needed, staff
Scientific Issues
-Sensitivity-people diagnosed with condition
-Specificity-people showed not to have condition
-Validity- accuracy of assessment
-Reliability- repeatability of results
List the factors that trigger program evaluation - Answer - results of a community needs
assessment
- mandate, new research findings, new funding available, government policy
Know the Steps in Program planning and evaluation - Answer 1. Review community
needs assessment
- review results, shows the nutritional need
2. Define goals and objectives
-goal is general, objective is measurable and specific
3. Develop a Plan
- materials and staff needed, education component, marketing plan
4. Develop a management system
-Personnel structure, data systems
-Direct costs(salaries, materials, travel)
-Indirect costs(office rental, utilities)
5. Identifying Funding Sources
- may need extramural funding(outside of university)
6. Implement Program
7. Evaluate the Program
- determine effectiveness to improve program
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