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Chapter 23. gynecological and obstetrical surgery 2024
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Chapter 23 - Gynecological and Obstetrical Surgery1. Ablate: To remove or destroy tissue
2. Adnexa: A collective term for the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and their connective
and vascular attachments
3. Coitus: Sexual intercourse
4. Colposcopy: Microscopic examination of the cervix
5. Cystocele: A herniation of the bladder into the vaginal wall
6. Dermoid cyst: A mass arising from the germ layers of the embryo that contains
tissue remnants, including hair and teeth
7. Electrolytic fluid: Fluids that contain electrolytes and therefore can transmit an
electrical current
8. Episiotomy: A perineal incision made during the second stage of labor to
prevent the tearing of tissue
9. Fibroid/Leiomyoma: A fibrous, benign tumor of the uterus that usually arises
from the myometrium
10. Hyperplasia: An excessive proliferation of tissue
11. Incomplete abortion: Expulsion of the fetus with retained placenta before 20
weeks' gestation
12. Loop Electrode Excision Procedure (LEEP): In this technique, an
electrosurgical loop is used to remove a core of tissue from the cervical canal
13. Menarche: The onset of menstruation, menses
14. Menorrhagia: Excessive bleeding during menses
15. Missed abortion: An abortion in which the products of conception are no longer
viable but are retained in the uterus
16. Obturator: A blunt-nose instrument that is inserted through the sheath of a rigid
endoscope or hysteroscope to protect the tissue as the instrument is advanced
17. Papanicolaou (Pap) test: A diagnostic test in which epithelial cells are taken
from the endocervical canal and examined for abnormalities that can lead to cervical
cancer
18. Parturition: Birth
19. Perineum: The anatomical area between the posterior vestibule and the anus
20. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Caused by a sexually transmitted disease
or some other source of infection. It causes scarring of the fallopian tubes and
adhesions in the abdominal and pelvic cavities
21. Transcervical: Literally, "through the cervix". In surgery, a transcervical
approach means that surgery is performed by passing instruments through the
cervix
22. Amniotic fluid: Fluid surrounding the fetus during pregnancy
, Chapter 23 - Gynecological and Obstetrical Surgery
23. Amniotic membranes: Two membranes that encase the fetus, amniotic fluid,
and placenta during pregnancy
24. APGAR score: Method of assessing neonates according to respiratory rate,
color, reflex response, heart rate, and body tone
25. Birth canal: The maternal pelvis and soft structures through which the baby
passes
26. Breech presentation: Presentation of the baby in which the buttocks or feet
deliver first
27. Cerclage: A procedure in which a suture ligature is placed around the cervix to
prevent spontaneous abortion
28. Cord prolapse: Complication of pregnancy in which the umbilical cord emerges
from the uterus during labor and may be compressed against the maternal pelvis
or the vaginal. This can obstruct the fetal blood supply
29. Eclampsia: A seizure during pregnancy, usually as a result of pregnancy-
induced hypertension
30. Ectopic pregnancy: Implantation of the fertilized ovum outside the uterus 31.
Epidural: A type of anesthesia in which the anesthetic is delivered through a
small tube into the epidural space of the spinal cord
32. Fetal demise: Death of the fetus
33. Gestational age: The age of the fetus as measured by the number of weeks
from conception
34. Incompetent cervix: A condition in which previous cervical injury results in
repeated spontaneous abortions
35. Labor: The regular uterine contractions that results in birth
36. Meconium: A nearly sterile fecal waste that accumulates while the fetus is in
the uterus. It is passed within the first few days after birth
37. Normal Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery (NSVD): A normal delivery of the
fetus, without the need for medical intervention
38. Nuchal cord: A complication of pregnancy in which the umbilical cord is
wrapped around the neck of the fetus. This may lead to obstructed blood flow to
the fetus
39. Placenta: The organ that transfers selected nutrients to the fetus during
pregnancy
40. Placental abruption: Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine
wall after 20 weeks' gestation and before the fetus is delivered
41. Placenta previa: A complication of pregnancy in which the placenta implants
completely or partly over the cervical os. In this position, the placenta begins to
, Chapter 23 - Gynecological and Obstetrical Surgery
bleed as it separates from the cervix during labor Placenta is abnormally planted
in lower uterine segment
42. Prenatal: The period of pregnancy before birth
43. Presentation: Refers to the part of the baby that descends into the birth canal
first
44. Suprapubic pressure: Pressure that is applied downward on the patient's
abdomen just above the pubic bone
45. Uterus: The muscular organ that holds the fetus and the placenta during
pregnancy
46. Herniation of the bladder into the vaginal wall
a. Ovarian cyst
b. Hyperplasia
c. Polycystic ovary syndrome
d. Uterine prolapse
e. Cystocele
f. PID
g. Rectocele
h. Ectopic pregnancy
i. Dermoid cyst
j. Leiomyoma
k. enorrhagia
l. Endometriosis: e. Cystocele
47. Mass that arises from the germ layers of the embryo that contains tissue
remnants, including hair and teeth a. Ovarian cyst
b. Hyperplasia
c. Polycystic ovary syndrome
d. Uterine prolapse
e. Cystocele
f. PID
g. Rectocele
h. Ectopic pregnancy
i. Dermoid cyst
j. Leiomyoma
k. enorrhagia
l. Endometriosis: i. Dermoid cyst
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