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IB Biology Topic 4: Ecology Final Exam Questions & Answers. $11.49   Add to cart

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IB Biology Topic 4: Ecology Final Exam Questions & Answers.

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IB Biology Topic 4: Ecology Final Exam Questions & Answers. Ecology - CORRECT ANSWER The science of the relationships between organisms and their environments. Organism - CORRECT ANSWER an individual living thing that uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops Species - CORRE...

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  • September 20, 2024
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IB Biology Topic 4: Ecology Final Exam
Questions & Answers.

Ecology - CORRECT ANSWER The science of the relationships between organisms and their
environments.



Organism - CORRECT ANSWER an individual living thing that uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows,
and develops



Species - CORRECT ANSWER a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring



Population - CORRECT ANSWER group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area



Community - CORRECT ANSWER all living, or biotic, things in an area



Ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER all biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) things in an area



Autotroph - CORRECT ANSWER - also known as a producer

- an organism capable of making its own food from inorganic substances using light or chemical energy.

- eg. Green plants, algae, and certain bacteria



Heterotroph - CORRECT ANSWER An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other
organisms or substances derived from them.



Carbon cycle - CORRECT ANSWER the continuous process by which carbon is exchanged between
organisms and the environment



Energy flow - CORRECT ANSWER - sunlight is the source of energy for most ecosystems

, Trophic level - CORRECT ANSWER step in a food chain or food web



Food chain - CORRECT ANSWER shows the transfer of energy between organisms.



producer --> primary consumer --> secondary consumer --> tertiary consumer



eg. passion flower --> heliconius butterfly --> tegu lizard --> jaguar



the energy in the carbon compounds (food) is released through respiration. much of this energy is lost
as heat.



Food web - CORRECT ANSWER network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships
among the various organisms in an ecosystem



Pyramid of energy - CORRECT ANSWER - diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter
within each trophic level in a food chain or food web

- should be stepped

- the length of the bar represents the amount of energy transferred to the trophic level (resulting in an
increase in biomass)

- the unit = KJ m^-2 yr^-1

- around 10% of energy at any trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level

- the number of trophic levels is limited, as there is ever decreasing quantities of energy available for
transfer and the energy is passed along the food chain.

- reasons for loss of energy between the trophic levels include:

* energy is lost as heat due to respiration

* not all of the individuals at each trophic level is consumed

* not all parts of the organism can be digested.



10% Rule - CORRECT ANSWER Only 10% of the energy in one trophic level gets passed onto the next
trophic level

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