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MCB3020 EXAM 2 RESPIRATION VS. FERMENTATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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MCB3020 EXAM 2 RESPIRATION VS. FERMENTATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Name: Score:74 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 74
electron acceptors in fermentation are
endogenous; they are created by the cell and commonly found within the cell (ex:
pyruvate)
coupled with reactions that regenerate NAD+ by converting pyruvate to either ethanol
or lactate
pyruvate is converted to a acetyl-coa yielding some NADH and CO2 as byproduct
must be digested and converted to monomers where they will then be fed into
glycolysis
Term 2 of 74
true or false: fermentation generates a proton force, the use of an electron transport chain, or
oxidative phosphorylation
True
False
,Term 3 of 74
why is anaerobic respiration produce less energy than aerobic
the terminal electron acceptor
1. electron transport chain- NADH and FADH2 contribute electrons to the electron
carrier proteins in the chain, which pass these electrons on to carriers until they reach
O2 the terminal acceptor; while this is occurring, protons are being pumped across the
membrane making a concentration and charge gradient called the proton motive force
(PMF)
2. chemiosmosis- ATP synthase uses the free movement of protons to power the
phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
the electron acceptors have a less positive E0 than oxygen so the difference in the
donor E0 and acceptor E0 is less (smaller reduction potential)
essential in the transfer of electrons via cytochromes
Term 4 of 74
lactic acid fermentation
pyruvate + NADH --> Lactate + NAD+
occurs in active muscles that lack oxygen supply
substrate-level phosphorylation and does not involve electron transport chain
pyruvate is converted to a acetyl-coa yielding some NADH and CO2 as byproduct
produces NADH and FADH2-- electron carriers that can be used in oxidative
phosphorylation
Term 5 of 74
nitrogen fixation
reducing nitrogen gas into ammonia
uses oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor
oxidation of ammonia (NH3) to nitrate (NO3-)
better electron donor
,Term 6 of 74
ammonification
oxidation of ammonia (NH3) to nitrate (NO3-)
ATP is formed utilizing the energy of sunlight
reducing nitrogen gas into ammonia
conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonium (NH4+)
Term 7 of 74
describe respiration of lipids
- first must be hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids
- glycerol eventually is fed into glycolysis
- fatty acids are broken down to acetyl coa by beta oxidation where they are fed into
TCA
a pathway that can be simultaneously anabolic and catabolic (ex: TCA cycle)
- initial steps are anabolic creating citrate
- final steps involve regenerating acetyl-coa from oxaloacetate
hydrolyzed into their nucleotide monomers and fed into glycolysis
does not require a constant supply of a terminal electron acceptor and uses an
endogenous electron acceptor such as pyruvate
Term 8 of 74
anaerobic respiration
uses something other than oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor
- substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
uses the reducing power of NADH and FADH2 to create ATP with the use of a proton
motive force
must be digested and converted to monomers where they will then be fed into
glycolysis
, Term 9 of 74
streptococcus and bacillus bacteria use ______________ fermentation
3 NADH
1 FADH2
1 GTP
2 CO2
alcoholic fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
dairy products
Term 10 of 74
what are the stages of photosynthesis
does not require a constant supply of a terminal electron acceptor and uses an
endogenous electron acceptor such as pyruvate
light reactions and calvin cycle
- pentose phosphate pathway
- enterner-doudoroff pathway
using a branched pathway
Term 11 of 74
sulfur oxidizing bacteria
use anaerobic respiration with sulfite (SO3^2-) to produce ATP via both substrate level
phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
inefficient method of producing energy that involves only substrate-level
phosphorylation; yields less ATP than oxidative phosphorylation
substrate-level phosphorylation and does not involve electron transport chain
uses the reducing power of NADH and FADH2 to create ATP with the use of a proton
motive force
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