Difference between macro & micro-marketing - Answer Macro: looking at the economy's
entire marketing system
Micro: look at individual company
Different types of economies - Answer Russia-- centrally planned economy, globally
integrated market economy
China-- socialist market economy
Law of diminishing demand - Answer Consumer--
if the price of a commodity is raised; a smaller quantity will be demanded
if the price of a commodity is lowered; a greater quantity will be demanded
History of marketing - Answer Late 1800s Industrial Revolution:
>> beginning of mass production and marketing
>> products made more economically
>> focus of distribution
1920s:
>> advertising and sales focus
1950s:
>> marketing department
>> consumer research
>> advise management of how to design, price, distribute and promote
Today:
>> focusing on satisfying the customer
>> customer satisfaction-- customer's positive, neutral, or negative feelings about the
value received from a product
>> customer loyalty-- refers to the frequency with which a customer consistently
,purchases a specific brand
Marketing Concepts - Answer Management philosophy of how a company views
customers and the sale of their products (goods, services, ideas)
>> manufacturing/production concept-- available & affordable-- concentrate on
production & distribution efficiency
>> product concept-- customers prefer existing product, should focus on improvement
Selling concept-- need a large selling & promotion effort
Marketing concept-- determine needs & wants of target market and satisfy these needs
more than their competitors
Societal marketing concept-- organization determine needs and wants and company
needs to deliver these to improve consumer's and society's well-being (social
marketing)
Marketing strategy: target market - Answer Fairly homogeneous group of customers to
whom a company wishes to appeal
>> must have a clear focus
>> target (niche) vs. mass marketing
>> define characteristics and needs
>> age, income, ethnicity, religious background, education
Marketing strategy: marketing mix - Answer Controllable variables which the company
combines in order to satisfy the target group
Product
>> developing the right product for the customer
Price
>> market price
>> what is it worth to the consumer
Place
>> product available when and where the customer wants it
Promotion
>> can only stimulate demand- cannot create it
>> personal sales
, >> mass sales
>> displays
>> sales promotion
>> merchandising- ambiance
>> Gimmicks- Walmart 10 for $10
>> continually changing
>> social marketing
Marketing plans - Answer Duration:
>> Short range- 1 year
>> Med. range- 2-5 years
>> Long range- over 5 years (seldom developed)
Scope:
>> what will you concentrate on
Approaches to marketing plans - Answer Bottom-up-information from employees
>> realistic, good for employee morale
Top-down
>> developed by top management
Combination of the two is probably best
Integrated marketing plan - Answer A management concept that is designed to make all
aspects of marketing communication such as advertising, sales promotion, public
relations, and direct marketing work together as a unified force, rather than permitting
each to work in isolation
All of the various components are unified, consistent, and coordinated
>> anthropologist and leading expert in patient satisfaction
Rodney F. Ganey, Ph.D.
>> accomplished research methodologist
Patient satisfaction survey: Press-Ganey-Survey
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