Exam (elaborations)
USABO TEST 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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USABO TEST 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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USABOTerms in this set (867)
An organism whose cells contain complex
structures enclosed within membranes. The
defining membrane bound structure thats sets
them apart from prokaryotic cells is the
Eukaryote
nucleas or nuclear envelope within which the
genetic material is carried. All species of large
complex species are eukaryotes, including
animals, plants and funghi.
This shows as pale areas in the nucleas under
electro magnification. It is a less densly packed
Euchromatin form of chromatin; 10% is even less condensed
and in this form it can be actively transcribed
to produce RNA.
This shows as dark areas on the eukaryotic
nucleas; it is densly packed chormatin (DNA
Heterochromatin
and protein complex) which cannot be
transcribed.
Special proteins around which DNA is wrapped.
Histones
Intermediate filament proteins which protect
the structure of the nucleas, they polymerize
to from a network of filaments that lie just
Lamins
within the nuclear membrane. The network of
these filament proteins is called the nuclear
lamina.
The network of intermediate nuclear filament proteins (Lamins) which is
Nuclear Lamina located just below the nuclear membrane and is linked to the membrane and
chromatin.
9nm (approx) gaps in the nuclear envelope
that allow the passage of RNA and ribosomes
Nuclear Pores out of the nucleas and the entry of selected
small proteins and small water soluble
molecules.
, An organism of the kingdom of Monera,
comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria.
Characterised by the abscence of a distinct,
Prokarayotes
membrane bound nucleas or membrane bound
organelles and by DNA that is not organised in
to chromosomes. Also called moneran.
Any of various unicellular eukaryotic
organisms and their multicellular, coenocytic
or colocial descendants that belong to the
kingdom of Protocista according to some
Protoctist
taxonomic systems. The protoctists include
protozoans, slime moulds, various algae and
other groups. In many new classification
systems, all proctists are considered protists.
Affectionately known as the 'address label' of a polypeptide. A short (3-60
amino acids long) peptide chain that directs the transport of a protein. These
may also be called targeting signals, signal peptides, transit peptides, or
localization signals.
Signal Sequence
The amino acid sequences of these direct proteins (which are synthesized in
the cytosol) to certain organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondrial matrix,
endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast, apoplast and peroxisome. Some signal
peptides are cleaved from the protein by signal peptidase after the proteins
are transported.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a eukaryotic
organelle that forms an interconnected
network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae
within cells. Rough endoplasmic reticula
synthesize proteins, while smooth endoplasmic
Endoplasmic Reticulum reticula synthesize lipids and steroids,
metabolize carbohydrates and steroids (but
not lipids), and regulate calcium concentration,
drug metabolism, and attachment of receptors
on cell membrane proteins. Sarcoplasmic
reticula solely regulate calcium levels.
Cell organelle responsible for attachment of
receptors on cell membrane proteins,
synthesizing lipids and steroids, metabolizing
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
carbohydrates and steroids (but not lipids) and
regulating calcium concentration and drug
metabolism.
Cell organelle responsible for synthesizing
proteins.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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