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OCS Military History All Lessons Midterm Exam And All Correct Answers.
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War - Answer -Conflict between organized groups with "Unknown Resolve" - Each seeking to impose its will on the other Linear Tactics - Answer - Troops Marched in column formation - 2 to 3 ranks, shoulder to shoulder - Used successive volleys of fire - Purpose was to mass greatest amoun...

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  • September 21, 2024
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OCS Military History All Lessons
Midterm Exam And All Correct Answers.
War - Answer -Conflict between organized groups with "Unknown Resolve"

- Each seeking to impose its will on the other



Linear Tactics - Answer - Troops Marched in column formation

- 2 to 3 ranks, shoulder to shoulder

- Used successive volleys of fire

- Purpose was to mass greatest amount of firepower over a given area

- Tactics prevailed through WWI



Smoothbore Musket - Answer - Used from 1600's to Pre-Civil War

- Max Effective Distance of 100m

- Highly inaccurate

- 3 Rounds per minute



Friction - Answer - Any impediment to a commanders ability to wage war

- EX: Muddy roads, undisciplined troops, bad weather



Strategic Level of War - Answer All of a nation's armed forces in all campaigns



Operational Level of War - Answer In-theater forces; Where the battle or war is actually taking place—
i.e. Afghanistan



Tactical Level of War - Answer Individual field units (division or below)



Battle of Bunker Hill - Answer - Revolutionary War - 1775

- Took place near Boston Town on the Charlestown Peninsula

,- Patriot forces actually occupied and fortified Breed's Hill. - English sacrificed the principals of surprise
and maneuver in an effort to publicly defeat and humiliate the American's in a frontal assault.

- Patriots held the line, inflicting massive casualties on the British,

- Retreated after running dangerously low on ammunition. - Psychological victory for the American's.

- Compare with Picket's Charge



NYC Campaign - Answer - Revolutionary War - 1776

- British forces landed 32,000 soldiers on the shores of Staton Island NY.

- Washington split forces in an effort to meet British forces at both Staton and Long Island

- Violated the principal of mass.

- British forces continually out-maneuver Washington, forcing him to fall back several times

- Washington realized that he did not need to defeat the British only needed to assure his army remain
standing.



Battle of Trenton - Answer - Revolutionary war - 1776

- Washington crossed the Deleware on Christmas night with 4,000 untrained militia and 1,000 Short-time
regulars.

- Despite low morale among his troops and austere weather conditions, Washington inspired his men to
keep moving forward.

- He separated his forces and using the principle of surprise,

- Patriots captured a German mercenary garrison, killing 40 Hessians and capturing another 918.



Battle of Princeton - Answer - Revolutionary War - After Battle of Trenton

- Cornwallis of the British forces aimed to trap Washington at Trenton

- Washington deployed the feint tactic and left a small security element at Trenton

- Washington, using an economy of force, took his main element and utilizing frozen over swamps,

- Maneuvered behind Cornwallis to surprise his units from the rear.

- Washington got out in front of his troops, and rallied his men to a victory.

- Victory reinvigorated the American cause, rallied "fence sitters" to join the cause, and ruined any British
hope for negotiations.

,Interior Lines - Answer Pro's

- Lines of communication/logistics are short

- More effective, easier to win a battle/campaign

Con's

- Requires coordination

- Facing outside, multiple converging threats



Exterior Lines - Answer Pro's

- Converge upon the enemy

- Creates a multi-axis threat

Con's

- Lines of communication/logistics are long

- Requires Unity of Command



Saratoga Campaign - Answer - Revolutionary War - 1777

- British General Burgoyne attempted to launch a complex multi-avenue attack on patriot forces led by
General Gates.

- British poor unity of command and lack of coordination led to him attempting to take Saratoga by
himself - Fought an exterior line campaign against the American's interior lines

- Burgoyne's forces are defeated and surrender to a mixed force of militia and regulars.

- This victory causes France to see the US as a safe bet and ushers in a military alliance between France
and American Forces.

Compare with: Exterior / Interior Lines



Valley Forge Winter - Answer - Revolutionary War - 1777-1778

- Suffering caused by poor distribution of supplies/food/clothing

- Not a lack of supply, but poor logistics

- 2,500 Die

, - Von Stueben comes in from Prussia and reforms training and made the Continental Army more
effective in the spring

- Compare with Battle of Monmouth



Battle of Monmouth - Answer - Revolutionary War - 1778

- Washington launched an attack against a retreating British force led by Clinton.

- Washington allowed Charles Lee to lead the charge

- Lee botched the attack and sparked a flanking counter-assault

- Washington took over and rallied retreating soldiers.

- American's utilized tactics and training recently learned by Wilhelm von Steuben to come to a draw
with British forces.

- This battle marks a milestone when patriot forces were able to match British regulars in maneuver and
proficiency using conventional warfare.

- Compare with Valley Forge



Battle of Kings Mountain - Answer - Revolutionary war - 1780

- Against British led Tories under Major Ferguson

- British misused the terrain and tried to fire and launch a bayonet charge from an open silhouetted
position on the actual crest of the mountain.

- The Patriots "over mountain men" defeated the Tories, lowering their overall morale but boosting the
morale of the Patriot militia.

- This also caused Cornwallis to pause, and was fatal to the British Southern Campaign.

- Compare / Contrast with Camden



Battle of Cowpens - Answer - Revolutionary War - 1781

- Patriots led by Morgan and the British, led by Tarleton.

- Morgan, using surprise and maneuver, put his militia out in front and had them fire two volleys and
then fall back causing the British to charge into his reglulars

- Caught the Brits in a double envelope.

- Tarleton retreats after British suffer heavy causalities, leading to an American victory

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