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Wound Care Exam 1 (1st half) – Questions & Solutions
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Wound Care Exam 1 (1st half ) – Questions & SolutionsSkin Facts Right Ans - -Size: 2 square meters
-Weight: 15% TBW
-Recieves 1/3 of total circulation.
-Largest Organ
Skin Functions Right Ans - -Thermoregulation
-Protection
-Immunity
-Sensation
-Metabolism
-Communication
Epidermal Appendages (Skin) Right Ans - -Nails
-Hair Follicles
-Sweat glands
Epidermis (Layers--superficial to deep) Right Ans - -Stratum corneum
-stratum lucidum
-stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
-stratum basle
Epidermis Right Ans - -Outermost layer
-uniform thickness (except palms/soles = 0.06-0.6 mm)
-Stratified squamos epithelial cells ( 20 cells thick; Very young/old have only
12)--> leads to more wounds
-5 Layers
Stratum Corneum Right Ans - -Top horny Layer
-cells elongate
-dead keratinized cells
-sloughs off and is replaced by cells below
Stratum Lucidum Right Ans - -Few Layers of dead keratinocytes
,Stratum Granulosum Right Ans - -3-5 layers of cells
-Diamond Shaped Cells
Stratum Spinosum Right Ans - -Prickly Layer
-Cells have active nuclei
Stratum Basale Right Ans - -AKA- Basal Layer (Stratum Germinativum)
-Attached to dermis by basement membrane
-Takes 2-4 weeks to migrate upward
-Melanocytes
Basement Membrane Right Ans - -Separates epidermis from dermis
-Rete pegs - point up
-Rete ridges - point down
-Ancer epidermis to dermis
-Flattens with age (leads to ski tears)
Langerhans Cells Right Ans - -Produced in bone marrow
-migrate to epidermis
-Fight bacteria and viral fungal infection
-Decrease with Age and UV exposure --> decrease immune function
Papillary Dermis Right Ans - -Layer just below the basement membrane
-Elastic Fibers
-Papillary loops provide nutrients to dermis
Reticular Dermis Right Ans - -Forms base of dermis
-Thick collagen fibers
-Cutaneous blood vessels
Important Dermal Cells Right Ans - -Fibroblasts
-Macrophages
-Mast Cells
-Nerve Cells
-Epidermal Appendages
Fibroblasts (dermal cells) Right Ans - -produce collage and elastin
-important for elasticity in would healing
,Macrophages and WBC (dermal cells) Right Ans - -Regulate Wound Repair
process (fight infection)
-Phagocytize bacteria
-break down damage tissue
-synthesize collagenase and elastase (enzymes that break down dead tissue)
Mast Cells (dermal cells) Right Ans - -produce histamine -->causes
vasodialation
-Activate inflammatory response
Hypodermis Right Ans - -A subcutaneous layer of loose connective tissue
containing a varying number of fat cells:
-Adipose Tissue
-Fascia
-Lymphatic Vessels
Adipose Tissue Right Ans - -Loose connective tissue
-holds fat
-Energy reserve, protection, thermoregulation
Fascia Right Ans - -Fibrous connective tissue
-surrounds, separates, facilitates movement
Lymphatic Vessels Right Ans - -A vessel that conveys lymph.
Age Related Changes Right Ans - -NEONATAL (term delivery + 2 weeks)
-Very permeable
-caution with topical meds
-Infants (After 42 weeks)
-Skin, tears, occipital skin breakdown
Partial Thickness Right Ans - -confined to epidermis and superficial
(papillary) dermis
Full Thickenss Right Ans - -Total loss of skin layers and often include
deeper tissues (may see bone)
, Acute Wound Right Ans - -Occurs suddenly, predictable repair process,
durable closure
Chronic Wound Right Ans - -Unpredictable repair process
-Often caused by chronic inflammation or circulatory compromise
Acute Wound Healing (3 Phases) Right Ans - 1-Inflammation (vascular
response, cellular response)
2-Proliferation
3-Maturation and remodeling
Inflammation Right Ans - -Produces erythema, edema, exudate
-Lasts 1-3 days
-Vasodilation lets plasma and blood cells leak into wound
-Neutrophils target bacteria and release growth hormones
-Growth factors attract more leukocytes
4 signs of inflammation Right Ans - -Red
-Hot
-Swollen
-Tender
Exudate Right Ans - -Creamy yellow fluid
-contatins fluid, proteins, WBCs
PMNs (Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils) Right Ans - -Circulating WBCs
-Migrate to injury site
-Excellent Scavengers
-Secrete Enzymes that break down injured tissue
**Keep tissue MOIST for healing
Proliferation (4 events) Right Ans - -Angiogenesis
-Granulation tissue formation
-wound contraction / collagen synthesis
**occurs best with moist wound bed
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