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Wound Care Exam: Questions & Detailed Answers (100%)
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Wound Care Exam: Questions & Detailed Answers(100%)
The superficial layer of stratified epithelium that is thickest on the soles and
palms Right Ans - Epidermis
The Epidermis consists of two layers: Right Ans - Stratum corneum (horny
layer)
Stratum basale (or germinativum)
Which layer of the epidermis is the first line of defense and is dry, waterproof,
and provides protection from the environment? Right Ans - Stratum
corneum (horny layer)
Which layer of skin is where cells multiply and regenerate the epidermis?
Right Ans - Stratum basale (or Basal cells):
--contains only cells in epidermis division (which enables the epidermis to
regenerate)
--Extends into the dermis (surrounds accessory structures)
--Contains melanocytes (for pigmentation)
Which layer of skin provides strength and elasticity and is composed of
collagen and elastin? Right Ans - Dermis
The dermis has 2 layers: Right Ans - Papillary
Reticular
What tissue lies just below the dermis? What color is it? Right Ans -
Subcutaneous tissue
yellow/white color
What is subcutaneous tissue? Right Ans - Superficial fascia that is a layer of
fatty areolar tissue that overlies the more densely fibrous fascia.
What tissue (beneath the dermis) provides insulation, protection and
cushioning? Right Ans - Subcutaneous tissue
,What accessory structure is involved in thermoregulation? Right Ans -
Sweat (sudoriferous) glands: regulates body temp through evaporation of
perspiration
What is the function of hairs (or pili)? Right Ans - Protection
Regulation of body temp
Facilitation of evaporation of perspiration
Act as sensory organs: the arrector pili muscles make the hair erect upon
contraction, they have sympathetic innervation and contract in response to
emotion or cold.
Which layer of the dermis has good blood supply and free nerve endings?
Right Ans - The papillary dermis
Which layer of the dermis is net-like or web-like? Right Ans - The reticular
dermis (found below the papillary dermis)
What is the purpose of sebum (oil) secretions by the sebacious glands?
Right Ans - Sebum keeps the stratum corneum (outermost layer) pliable and
helps conserve body heat in cold weather by hindering evaporation.
Where are the sebacious glands located? Right Ans - In the dermis
Where are the Pacinian corpuscles located? What is their function? Right
Ans - In the subcutaneous tissue
Sensory function: (deep) pressure
What are the 4 basic sensations of the skin? Right Ans - Pain
Temperature
Touch (Meissner's corpuscle)
Pressure (Pacinian corpuscle)
What accessory structures are located in the subcutaneous tissue? Right
Ans - Pacinian corpuscle
Eccrine and Apocrine sweat glands
Hair root
What are the (four) functions of the skin? Right Ans - Sensation
,Protection
Thermoregulation
Secretion
How does the skin protect the body? Right Ans - Skin forms an elastic,
resistant covering to protect against the external environment
Inhibits excessive loss of water and essential electrolytes
Acid mantle of skin protects surface from irritants and bacterial invasions
Skin is water repellent; all substances passing through are soluble in fat or
water
How is heat lost from the body? Right Ans - Conduction, convection,
radiation, and evaporation (sweat)
The dermis is a better heat conductor than epidermis or subcutaneous tissue
What happens in the Inflammatory Phase of tissue repair? Right Ans - 1)
Hemostasis: platelets clump together to stop blood flow
2) Vascular reaction:
a. Brief vasoconstriction
b. Neutrophilic margination
c. Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
d. Edema: Transudate (plasma serum), Exudate (white blood cells)
3) Cellular reaction
a. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes leak out first (neutrophils, eosinophils,
basophils)
b. Mononuclear cells (lymphocytes, monocytes are called macrophages once
they leak out)
4) Chemical mediators
a. Histamine (triggers vasodilation)
b. Serotonin (causes short term vasoconstriction)
c. Kinins
d. Prostaglandins
, What type of patients do not have a normal macrophage count? Right Ans -
DM
During the inflammatory phase, a vascular reaction occurs after the flow of
blood is stopped. Explain what happens during this reaction: Right Ans -
Brief vasoconstriction
Neutrophilic margination: WBCs (neutrophils) stick to the inside surface of
the vessel.
Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability: this allows the WBCs to
"leak" out to where the damage is to fight infection and break down dead
tissue
Edema: 2 stages
1) Transudate: plasma serum leaks out first. Its a clear fluid very similar to
saline solution
2) Exudate: WBCs "leak" out
What is transudate edema? Right Ans - Transudate edema is a clear fluid
that leaks out of the vessel during the inflammatory phase of tissue repair. It
closely resembles saline solution which is used to help flush out a wound in
the wound care treatment process.
What are neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages? Right Ans - Pagocytic
white blood cells that appear at the injury site during the inflammatory phase
to fight infection and break down dead tissue.
What does histamine do during the inflammatory stage of tissue repair?
Right Ans - It triggers vasodilation
What does serotonin cause to happen during the inflammatory stage of tissue
repair? Right Ans - Causes short term vasoconstriction
What is the second phase of tissue repair called? Right Ans - Proliferative
Phase
What occurs in the Proliferative Phase of tissue repair? Right Ans - 1) Re-
epithelialization
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