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DANB Review. Infection Control (ICE) Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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DANB Review. Infection Control (ICE)
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DANB Review. Infection Control (ICE)Pathogens - answer Microbes that cause disease
Most common oral diseases - answer Dental caries (decay) and periodontal disease.
Microbiology - answer The study of microorganisms
Nonpathogenic - answer Pertaining to microorganisms that do not produce disease
Endospores - answer bacterial spore that can survive harsh conditions
Pasteurization - answer Treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of
pathogens
Prions - answer infectious proteins
Bacteria - answer When bacteria from one part of the body invade another part
opportunistic infection - answer caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce
an illness in healthy humans
Streptococci - answer bacteria that form a chain and cause infections like
pharyngitis(strep throat), tonsillitis, pneumonia, and endocarditis.
Staphylococcus - answerIrregular Grape-like clusters causing boils, skin infections,
endocarditis, and pneumonia.
Bacilli - answerRod shaped bacteria that causes tuberculosis.
Spirochetes - answerSpiral shaped bacteria that cause Lyme disease, and syphilis.
Aerobes - answerBacteria that require oxygen to grow
Anaerobes - answerBacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen and are destroyed by
oxygen
Virulent - answerCapable of causing serious disease
Spores - answerA tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism
Viruses - answerThe smallest pathogens that can cause fatal disease.
,Specificity - answerViruses just have this for particular cell types to replicate. (Pickiness)
Latent - answerVirus that remains dormant in the body for years
provirus (prophage) - answerVirus that becomes integrated into the nucleic acid of the
host cell.
Characteristics of a virus - answerCan only be treated symptomatically, cannot be
destroyed by antibiotics, viruses produce different types of infection. Viruses can mutate
and change making it hard to develop a vaccine.
Hepatitis A - answerEnds in a vowel, comes from the bowel(fecal-oral).
The leasts serious and a vaccine is available.
Hepatitis B (HBV) - answerBlood - borne disease caused by the Hepatitis Virus that can
lead to serious liver disease, cirrhosis, and prolonged illness. There is a preventive
vaccine.
Hepatitis C (HCV) - answerTransmitted through Blood transfusions, IV drug use, or a
cut in the skin. There is no vaccine or cure so it is a chronic disease.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - answerCaused by human
immunodeficiency virus, sexually transmitted disease.
Hepatitis D (HDV) - answerA defective virus that cannot replicate itself without the
presence of HBV. Where there is Hep B there could be this. Greater risk for death when
infected with both. The vaccines for HBV also prevent HDV.
Hepatitis E (HEV) - answerEnds in a vowel, comes from the bowel. Transmitted by the
fecal/oral route through contaminated food or water.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 - answerthe form of herpes that generates cold sores or
fever blisters around the mouth
Primary herpes - answerHighly contagious oral herpes characterized by a slight fever,
pain in the mouth, increased salivation, bad breath, and feeling ill among children.
Herpes simplex type 2 - answerCommon viral infection that is characterized by localized
blistering that secrete a syrup like fluid
Herpes zoster virus - answerchickenpox and shingles
H1N1 flu - answerSwine flu, respiratory disease from pigs.
Tuberculosis - answerLeading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide.
, Tetanus - answerLockjaw. Caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani.
Syphilis - answerTreponema pallidum spirochetes, contact with oral lesions can cause a
painless ulcerating sore( chancre) which is infectious on contact.
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) - answeraffects the skin, causing
"boils" and abscesses
pandemic disease - answerAn epidemic disease that occurs worldwide
Infection control - answerPolicies and practices designed to prevent the spread of
infectious agents
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - answerA federal government
agency that issues guidelines to protect and improve health.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) - answerThe main federal
agency charged with regulating safety and health in the workplace.
Chain of infection - answerConditions that all must be present for infection to occur.
Infectious agent - answerPathogen responsible for a specific infectious disease.
Reservoir - answerA place where the pathogen grows and reproduces.
Portal of entry - answerRoute by which an infectious agent enters the host.
Susceptible host - answerAn individual who has little resistance to an infectious agent.
Acute infection - answerAn infection of short duration that is often severe.
Chronic infection - answerAn infection of long duration that can have long term effects.
Asymptomatic - answerShowing no symptoms of disease for example an abscess with
no swelling or pain.
Latent infection - answerPersistent infection with recurrent symptoms that "come and
go". Example being herpes zoster(shingles).
Opportunistic infection - answerInfections that occur when the body's defenses are
weakened.
Infectious Disease - answerCommunicable or contagious meaning the disease can be
transmitted or spread in some way from one host to another.
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