SSM TCAR review questions and answers comprehensive study
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Course
TCAR
Institution
TCAR
SSM TCAR review questions and
answers comprehensive study
4 organ system failures=90%
What are the four collisions? - ANSWER 1. The vehicle
2. The occupants
3. The internal organs
4. The secondary impacts
Energy transmission in a rollover depends on? - ANSWER Deceleration distance
Ener...
SSM TCAR review questions and
answers comprehensive study
What are the definitive options for pelvic fracture stabilization and hemorrhage control? -
ANSWER ✔ External Fixation
Interventional Radiology
Open reduction & Internal fixation
How are closed mid-shaft femur fractures managed? - ANSWER ✔ Intramedullary nail
fixation
What makes a fracture comminuted? - ANSWER ✔ The bone is in multiple pieces
Physiologic criteria for trauma center care? - ANSWER ✔ SBP<90
Resp rate <10 or >29
GCS <14
What is Kinematics? - ANSWER ✔ The process of predicting potential injuries based
on analysis of the forces involved
Dose of energy is? - ANSWER ✔ The nature and amount of force
Characteristic of wounding agent? - ANSWER ✔ Type of energy and how it was
applied
Force - ANSWER ✔ The dose of energy involved
Which gender is the majority of trauma? - ANSWER ✔ Male
Incidence of trauma peaks at what age? - ANSWER ✔ Teens and young adult
Blunt trauma Classifications include? - ANSWER ✔ MVA
Auto vs. pedestrian
Falls
Struck by or against an object
Trauma mortality based on organ system failure? - ANSWER ✔ 1 organ system
failure=4%
2 organ system failures=32%
3 organ system failures=67%
,4 organ system failures=90%
What are the four collisions? - ANSWER ✔ 1. The vehicle
2. The occupants
3. The internal organs
4. The secondary impacts
Energy transmission in a rollover depends on? - ANSWER ✔ Deceleration distance
Energy is dissipated over the distance of the roll and whether or not the occupants are
restrained
Car vs pedestrian injuries depend on? - ANSWER ✔ Point of contact with the care
Height of hood & bumper
Size & weight of vehicle
Height of patient
Direction patient was facing when struck
What is the most common mechanism of injury in all age groups? - ANSWER ✔ Falls
Factors predicting fall injuries are? - ANSWER ✔ Fall height (velocity)
Landing surface (deceleration distance)
Point of impact on the body
Wound ballistics- permanent cavity - ANSWER ✔ Cavity is the a function of the size,
shape, and characteristic of the missile (mass)
For every second of fall time, speed increases by? - ANSWER ✔ Speed increases by
approximately 20 MPH
Define Shock? - ANSWER ✔ A state in which cellular oxygen demand exceeds supply
When the cost of tissue oxygen is higher than the body can pay, an oxygen debt
develops.
Types of shock per TCAR? - ANSWER ✔ Pumps-Site of defect heart
Pipes- site of defect is artery, veins or capillaries
Fluid-intravascular, interstitial or intracellular
VS in shock? - ANSWER ✔ Narrow pulse pressure
Tachycardia
Low CO
How many ATP molecules are produced with oxygen & glucose? - ANSWER ✔ 32 ATP
molecules
, How many ATP molecules are produced without oxygen? - ANSWER ✔ 2 ATP
molecules
Normal pH? - ANSWER ✔ Refernce range is 7.35-7.45, but actual normal range is
7.38-7.42
What is the footprint of shock? - ANSWER ✔ Lactic Acidosis
What 2 things affect the amount of oxygen availalbe to the cells? - ANSWER ✔
Temperature & pH, which is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation shift to the right? - ANSWER ✔ Acidosis, elevated temp
More oxygen available to the cells
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the left? - ANSWER ✔ Hypothermia,
alkalosis
Less oxygen available to the cells
H & H is a measure of ? - ANSWER ✔ It is a measure of hemodilution rather than blood
loss.
What are the hormonal responses to shock? - ANSWER ✔ Promote body water
retentions by secretion of ADH & activation of RAAS
What are the inflammatory responses to shock? - ANSWER ✔ SIRS
Which is a production of pro-inflammatory mediators, histamine release, and capillary
leakage
What is the normal PaCO2 and what does it measure? - ANSWER ✔ Normal is 35-45
mmHg
It is the measurement of ventilation
Clinical assessment- rate, depth, and work of breathing
What is the normal PaO2 and what does it measure? - ANSWER ✔ Normal is 80-100
mmHG
It is a measurement of diffusion
It reflects a problems with alveoli or pulmonary circulation
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